Ïðèìå÷àíèÿ êíèãè: Ìàëü÷èêè ñ Ìàðñà. Ïî÷åìó ñ íèìè òàê íåïðîñòî è ÷òî ñ ýòèì äåëàòü - ÷èòàòü îíëàéí, áåñïëàòíî. Àâòîð: Äæîí Ãðýé, Óîððåí Ôàððåëë

÷èòàòü êíèãè îíëàéí áåñïëàòíî
 
 

Îíëàéí êíèãà - Ìàëü÷èêè ñ Ìàðñà. Ïî÷åìó ñ íèìè òàê íåïðîñòî è ÷òî ñ ýòèì äåëàòü

Åñëè â âàøåé ñåìüå åñòü äåòè, íå æäèòå, ïîêà îíè âûðàñòóò, íàëîìàþò äðîâ, ïðî÷èòàþò ìåãàáåñòñåëëåð Äæîíà Ãðýÿ «Ìóæ÷èíû ñ Ìàðñà, æåíùèíû ñ Âåíåðû» è ñêàæóò ñ îáëåã÷åíèåì: «Òàê âîò â ÷åì áûëî äåëî!» Ïîìîãèòå èì ñðàçó âûðàñòè ñ÷àñòëèâûìè è ãîòîâûìè ê âçðîñëîé æèçíè. Íîâàÿ êíèãà Äæîíà Ãðýÿ – î ìàëü÷èêàõ: î ñòàíîâëåíèè ìóæñêîãî õàðàêòåðà, ôèçèîëîãèè ðàçâèòèÿ, çäîðîâüå, èíòåëëåêòå, ðîëè îòöà è ìàòåðè è, êîíå÷íî, îá îïàñíîñòÿõ, êîòîðûå ïîäæèäàþò ìàëü÷èøêó â ïåðèîä âçðîñëåíèÿ, âåäü âçðîñëûå ìóæ÷èíû – ýòî ñëó÷àéíî âûæèâøèå ìàëü÷èêè. Ðîäèòåëè íàéäóò çäåñü ìíîæåñòâî ðåöåïòîâ ïðåîäîëåíèÿ êðèçèñîâ â æèçíè ñûíîâåé. Íî åñëè ó âàñ ðàñòåò äî÷ü – îáÿçàòåëüíî òîæå ïðî÷òèòå ýòó êíèãó. Îíà ïîìîæåò âàøåé äåâî÷êå ëó÷øå ïîíèìàòü «ýòèõ ìàëü÷èøåê», à âàì – âûðàñòèòü ïðåêðàñíóþ æåíùèíó, êîòîðàÿ áóäåò ñ÷àñòëèâà â ñåìåéíîé æèçíè è ïåðåäàñò ýòó ýñòàôåòó âàøèì âíóêàì.

Ïåðåéòè ê ÷òåíèþ êíèãè ×èòàòü êíèãó « Ìàëü÷èêè ñ Ìàðñà. Ïî÷åìó ñ íèìè òàê íåïðîñòî è ÷òî ñ ýòèì äåëàòü »

Ïðèìå÷àíèÿ

1

Ýòà îðãàíèçàöèÿ â Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè çàïðåùåíà. – ïðèì. ïåðåâ.

2

 àìåðèêàíñêèõ øêîëàõ íàèâûñøàÿ îöåíêà – À. – ïðèì. ïåðåâ.

3

Åñëè âàø ñûí, ê ïðèìåðó, ìå÷òàåò ñòàòü àñòðîíàâòîì, ýòî íå îçíà÷àåò, ÷òî ó íåãî íèçêèé çäðàâûé èíòåëëåêò – ïðè óñëîâèè, ÷òî îí óâåðåí, ÷òî åãî æåëàíèå íå ñòàëî ðåçóëüòàòîì ñîöèàëüíîãî ñîáëàçíà.

1

Îòðûâîê èç êîíôåðåíöèè Êàíëèôôà https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSQzTKcUda0&feature=em-share_video_user.

2

Âñå ëè÷íûå èìåíà â êíèãå âûìûøëåíû àâòîðàìè: Óîððåíîì (Ââåäåíèå è ×àñòè I–V) è Äæîíîì (Çàêëþ÷åíèå, ÷àñòü VI).

3

Hanna Rosin, «The End of Men», (New York: Penguin, 2012), p. 13. Ñðåäè áóäóùèõ îòöîâ 42,6 % ïðåäïî÷ëè áû äî÷ü è ëèøü 23 % – ñûíà; ó îñòàëüíûõ ïðåäïî÷òåíèé íå áûëî.

4

Hanna Rosin, «The End of Men», p. 13.

5

Camila Domonoske, «For First Time In 130 Years, More Young Adults Live With Parents Than With Partners», NPR, 24 ìàÿ 2016 ã., http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/05/24/479327382/for-first-time-in-130-years-more-young-adultslive-with-parents-than-partners

6

Richard Fry, «A Rising Share of Young Adults Live in Their Parents’ Home», Social & Demographic Trends, Pew Research Center, 1 àâãóñòà 2013 ã. http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2013/08/01/a-rising-share-of-young-adults-live-in-their-parents-home/

7

Richard Fry, «For First Time in Modern Era, Living with Parents Edges Out Other Living Arrangements for 18- to 34-Year-Olds», http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2016/05/24/for-first-time-in-modern-era-living-with-parents-edges-out-other-living-arrangements-for-18-to-34-year-olds.

8

Hanna Rosin, «The End of Men», «Atlantic», èþëü/àâãóñò 2010 ã. https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2010/07/the-end-of-men/308135

9

Êíèãà Õàííû Ðîçèí – ÿðêèé ïðèìåð òîãî, ÷òî íà ñàìîì äåëå âîñïðèíèìàåò êóëüòóðà: íàçâàíèå, çàãîëîâîê, íî íå ñîäåðæàíèå. Ïîäàâëÿþùåå áîëüøèíñòâî òåõ, êòî âèäåë êíèãó «The End of Men» èëè ïðîñòî ñëûøàë î íåé, íå ïîíèìàþò, ÷òî ðå÷ü èäåò î êðàõå ïàòðèàðõàòà.

10

http://whitehouseboysmen.com.

11

Amy P. Cohen, Deborah Azrael, and Matthew Miller, «Rate of «Mass Shootings Has Tripled Since 211, Harvard Research Shows», «Mother Jones», 5 îêòÿáðÿ 2014 ã. https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2014/10/mass-shootings-increasing-harvard-research Amy P. Cohen, Deborah Azrael, and Matthew Miller, «Rate of «Mass Shootings Has Tripled Since 211, Harvard Research Shows», «Mother Jones», 5 îêòÿáðÿ 2014 ã. https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2014/10/mass-shootings-increasing-harvard-research

12

Anne Case and Angus Deaton, «Rising Morbidity and Mortality in Midlife Among White Non-Hispanic Americans in the 21st Century», «Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences» 112, no 49 (2015): 15078, doi:10.1073/pnas.1518393112.

13

Suicide Prevention Resource Center, «Rate of Suicide by Race/Ethnicity, United States 2000–2014» (ðàçäåë «Racial and Ethnic Disparities», ïî äàííûì WISQARS (Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System) Fatal Injury Reports, 1999–2014) http://www.sprc.org/racial-ethnic-disparities.

14

Federal Bureau of Investigation, «Crime in the United States: 2011», Expanded Homicide Data Table 1, https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2011/crime-in-the-u.s.-2011/tables/expanded-homicide-data-table-1.

15

University of Chicago, «Becoming a Man», Crime Lab, 2012. https://news.uchicago.edu/tag/becoming-man.

16

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 58, ¹ 1 (2009); WISQARS, 2010.

17

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), «Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report» 58, ¹ 1 (2009); WISQARS, 2010.

18

 1933 ãîäó êîëè÷åñòâî ñàìîóáèéñòâ ñðåäè þíîøåé è ìóæ÷èí â âîçðàñòå 15–24 ëåò áûëî â 1,54 ðàçà áîëüøå, ÷åì ñðåäè æåíùèí òîãî æå âîçðàñòà. Ñì. Mortality Statistics 1933, US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1936). Ñâåäåíèÿ ïðåäîñòàâëåíû Äæåêîì Êàììåðîì.

19

American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, «Additional Facts About Suicide in the US», 2015. https://afsp.org/about-suicide/suicide-statistics

20

Alan Zarembo, «Suicide Rate of Female Military Veterans Is Called ‘Staggering,’» «Los Angeles Times», 8 èþíÿ 2015 ã., http://latimes.com/nation/la-na-female-veteran-suicide-20150608-story.html. Íà êàæäûå 32,1 ñëó÷àÿ ñàìîóáèéñòâ ìóæ÷èí-âåòåðàíîâ ïðèõîäèòñÿ 28,7 ñëó÷àåâ ñàìîóáèéñòâ æåíùèí-âåòåðàíîâ.

21

Armen Keteyian, «Suicide Epidemic Among Veterans». CBS News, 13, íîÿáðÿ 2007 ã., http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/11/13/cbsnews_investigates/main3496471.shtml.

22

Jason Breslow, «New Report Slams ‘Unprecedented’ Growth in US Prisons», Frontline, PBS, 1 ìàÿ 2014 ã. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/new-report-slams-unprecedented-growth-in-us-prisons

23

J. Schmitt and K. Warner, «Ex-offenders and the Labor Market» (report, Center for Economic and Policy Research, Íîÿáðü 2010), p. 6, http://www.cepr.net/documents/publications/ex-offenders-2010-11.pdf

24

Office of Justice Programs’ Bureau of Justice Statistics, «Prisoners in 2013», https://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=pbdetail&iid=5109.

25

Ñîãëàñíî îöåíêå â äîêëàäå ÀÏÀ, òå èëè èíûå ïñèõîëîãè÷åñêèå èëè ïñèõèàòðè÷åñêèå ðàññòðîéñòâà íàáëþäàþòñÿ ó ïîëîâèíû çàêëþ÷åííûõ. Ñì. American Psychological Association, «Incarceration Nation», «Monitor on Psychology» 45, ¹ 9 (Îêòÿáðü 2014 ã.): 56, http://www.apa.org/monitor/2014/10/incarceration.aspx.

26

Breslow, «‘Unprecedented’ Growth in US Prisons».

27

Saki Knafo. «Prison-Industrial Complex? Maybe It’s Time for a Schools-Industrial Complex», «Huffington Post», 31 àâãóñòà 2013 ã., http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/08/30/california-prisons-schools_n_3839190.html.

28

Knafo, «Prison-Industrial Complex?»

29

American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, «Suicide Statistics», http://afsp.org/about-suicide/suicide-statistics

30

«Children’s Mental Health: New Report», CDC, 10 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2015 ã., http://web.archive.org/web/20150910003950/http://www.cdc.gov/features/childrensmentalhealth.

31

Ðýíäîëô Íåññå ïðîâåë èññëåäîâàíèå ðàííåé ñìåðòè â 20 ñòðàíàõ. Ïî åãî îöåíêàì, åñëè áû ìóæ÷èíû è æåíùèíû ðèñêîâàëè æèçíüþ îäèíàêîâî, ìîæíî áûëî áû ñïàñàòü 375 000 òûñÿ÷ æèçíåé â ãîä. Ñì. Betsy Mason, «Men Die Young – Even if Old», «New Scientist», 25 èþëÿ 2002 ã., https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn2586-men-die-young-even-if-old.

32

«Being a Man ‘Is Bad for Health’», BBC News, 24 èþëÿ 2002 ã., http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/2148573.stm. Ñì. òàêæå Mason, «Men Die Young».

33

Rémy Slama et al., «Epidemiology of Male Reproductive Function», «Revue d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique» 52 (2004), 221–42; öèò. ïî Leonard Sax, «Boys Adrift» (New York: Basic Books, 2007), p. 231.

34

S. Cabler et al., «Obesity: Modern Man’s Fertility Nemesis», «Asian Journal of Andrology» 12, ¹ 4 (2010): 480–89.

35

Ïî äàííûì National Center for Health Statistics, CDC, «National Vital Statistics Reports» 64, ¹ 2 (2016): table B, p. 5.

36

AFL–CIO, «Death on the Job: The Toll of Neglect», 2015. Ñì. http://www.aflcio.org/Issues/Job-Safety/Death-on-the-Job-Report.

37

US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, 2015. Ïðèâåäåíû ïðåäâàðèòåëüíûå äàííûå íà 2014 ã. Ñì. http://www.bls.gov/iif/oshwc/cfoi/cfch0013.pdf.

38

Ñì. Warren Farrell, «The Death Professions: My Body, Not My Choice», â êí. «The Myth of Male Power» (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993).

39

AFL–CIO, «Death on the Job: The Toll of Neglect» (AFL–CIO, 2015), https://aflcio.org/sites/default/files/2017–03/DOTJ2015Finalnobug.pdf.

40

Allison Field et al, «Prospective Associations of Concerns About Physique and the Development of Obesity, Binge Drinking, and Drug Use Among Adolescent Boys and Young Adult Men». «JAMA Pediatrics» 168, ¹ 1 (2014): 34–39, https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/1766495.

41

Ashleigh May, CDC, «Obesity: United States, 1999–2010», «Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report» 62, ¹ 3 (2013): table 2, http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su6203a20.htm#Tab2.

42

William H. McMichael, «Most U. S. Youths Unfit to Serve, Data Show», «Army Times», 9 íîÿáðÿ 2009 ã.

43

Natalie Rahhal, «Daily Mail.com», 16 îêòÿáðÿ 2017 ã. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-4985856/Americans-fat-fight-crime-war-fires.html.

44

«Still Too Fat to Fight», «Mission: Readiness», 2012. https://www.strongnation.org/articles/16-still-too-fat-to-fight.

45

US Bureau of Labor Statistics, «Employed Persons by Detailed Occupation, Sex, Race, and Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity», Household Data, Annual Averages 2009, table 11, http://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsaat11.pdf.

46

Andrea Coombes, «Men Suffer Brunt of Job Losses in Recession», «Wall Street Journal», 16 èþëÿ 2009 ã., https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970203577304574272570149153010.

47

Heidi Hartmann, Elyse Shaw, and Elizabeth Pandya, «Women and Men in the Recovery: Where the Jobs Are» (briefing paper, «Institute for Women’s Policy Research», íîÿáðü 2013 ã., p. 12), https://iwpr.org/publications/women-and-men-in-the-recovery-where-the-jobs-are-womens-recovery-strengthens-in-year-four.

48

Jonathan Vanian, «In 10 Years, Artificial Intelligence Will Transform Trucking, Says Otto Exec», «Fortune», 27 ìàðòà 2017 ã. http://fortune.com/2017/03/27/uber-otto-artificial-intelligence-truck-driving/.

49

M. Greenstone and A. Looney, «Trends» (report), «Milken Institute», Èþëü 2011, p. 11, https://www.brookings.edu/research/trends-reduced-earnings-for-men-in-america

50

David Wessel, «Meet the Unemployable Man», «Wall Street Journal», 1 ìàÿ 2010 ã., https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703322204575226003417489846.

51

Belinda Luscombe. «Workplace Salaries: At Last, Women on Top», «Time», 1 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2010 ã., http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,2015274,00.html.

52

National Association of Realtors, «First-Time Buyers, Single Women Gain Traction in NAR’s 2016 Buyer and Seller Survey», National Association of Realtors, 31 îêòÿáðÿ 2016 ã., https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/first-time-buyers-single-women-gain-traction-in-nars-2016-buyer-and-seller-survey-300354031.html. Îäèíîêèå æåíùèíû ñîñòàâèëè 17 % ïîêóïàòåëåé æèëüÿ, à îäèíîêèå ìóæ÷èíû – 7 %.

53

Jeffrey Gentry, «Who Pays for the First Date? Survey Says Men Should», «USA Today», 25 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2014 ã.; îïðîñ ïðîâåäåí NerdWallet.com.

54

Gentry, «Who Pays for the First Date?»

55

David Mielach, «75 Percent of Women Say They Won’t Date Unemployed Men», «Business News Daily», 26 èþíÿ 2012 ã., http://www.businessnewsdaily.com/2753-dating-unemployed-men-women.html; îïðîñ 925 ÷åëîâåê, ïðîâåäåííûé ñëóæáîé çíàêîìñòâ «It’s Just Lunch».

56

Mielach, «Women Say They Won’t Date Unemployed Men».

57

Augustine J. Kposowa, «Unemployment and Suicide: A Cohort Analysis of Social Factors Predicting Suicide in the U. S. National Longitudinal Mortality Study», «Psychological Medicine» 31, ¹ 1 (ßíâàðü 2001): 127–38. Ñì. òàêæå Kposowa, «Marital Status and Suicide in the National Longitudinal Mortality Study», «Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health» 54 (Àïðåëü 2000): 256. ×àñòîòíîñòü ñàìîóáèéñòâ ó ðàçâåäåííûõ ìóæ÷èí â 9,94 ðàçà âûøå, ÷åì ó ðàçâåäåííûõ æåíùèí. Ýòó öèôðó äîêòîð Êïîñîâà ïîëó÷èëà íà îñíîâàíèè òàáëèöû 1 (p. 256). Ëè÷íàÿ ïåðåïèñêà ñ Óîððåíîì Ôàððåëëîì, 29 èþíÿ 2000 ã.

58

Gentry, «Who Pays for the First Date?

59

Gentry, «Who Pays for the First Date?

60

OECD, «How Do Girls Compare to Boys in Mathematics Skills?», â «PISA 2009 at a Glance» (Paris, France: OECD, 2010) 22, doi:10.1787/9789264095298-en.

61

D. Salahu-Din, H. Persky, and J. Miller, «The Nation’s Report Card: Writing 2007», NCES 2008–468, National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), Institute of Education Sciences, U. S. Department of Education, (Washington, DC, and Chapel Hill, NC, 2008), table A-9. Ñðåäíèå îöåíêè è óðîâåíü äîñòèæåíèé ïî òåñòó íàâûêîâ ïèñüìà NAEP ó âîñüìûõ êëàññîâ ìóíèöèïàëüíûõ øêîë â çàâèñèìîñòè îò ïîëà è øòàòà. 2007.

62

Òàáëèöó ñîñòàâèë Òîìàñ Äæ. Ìîðòåíñîí, ñòàðøèé íàó÷íûé ñîòðóäíèê Èíñòèòóòà èçó÷åíèÿ ïåðñïåêòèâ âûñøåãî îáðàçîâàíèÿ Ïåëëà, ã. Âàøèíãòîí. «Digest of Education Statistics», 2016, Table 318.10, https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d16/tables/dt16_318.10.asp.

63

 1980 ãîäó ëèøü 14 % ìàëü÷èêîâ óòâåðæäàëè, ÷òî ñèëüíî íåäîëþáëèâàþò øêîëó; ê 2001 ãîäó ýòîò ïîêàçàòåëü âîçðîñ äî 24 %. Ñì. University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research, Monitoring the Future (study), 1980–2001; öèò. ïî NCES, «How Do You Feel About School?», «Trends in Educational Equity of Girls and Women: 2004», fig. 13, p. 45.

64

NCES, «Number and Percentage of Students Who Were Suspended and Expelled from Public Elementary and Secondary Schools, by Sex and Race/Ethnicity: 2002, 2004, and 2006», â «Condition of Education 2009», ed. Michael Planty, William J. Hussar, and Thomas D. Snyder (Washington, DC: NCES, Èþíü 2009), table A-28–1, p. 206.

65

C. Cornwell et al., «Non-cognitive Skills and the Gender Disparities in Test Scores and Teacher Assessments: Evidence from Primary School», «Journal of Human Resources» 48 (Çèìà 2013): ð. 236–64.

66

Ana Swanson, «What Men and Women Wanted in a Spouse in 1939 – and How Different It Is Today», Wonkblog (áëîã), «Washington Post», 19 àïðåëÿ 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/04/19/what-men-and-women-wanted-in-a-spouse-in-1939-and-how-different-it-is-today/?utm_term=.334b6fbe416a.

67

Peg Tyre, «The Trouble with Boys», «Newsweek», 29 ÿíâàðÿ 2006 ã., http://www.newsweek.com/education-boys-falling-behind-girls-many-areas-108593.

68

Taro Fujimoto, «Vocational Schools on the Move», «Japan Today», 21 èþëÿ 2008 ã. https://japantoday.com/category/features/executive-impact/vocational-schools-on-the-move.

69

Êàäçóõèðî Îñèìà îá àêòèâíîì íàáîðå ñòóäåíòîâ-èíîñòðàíöåâ â Èíñòèòóò Êàòàÿíàãè – ñì. â Fujimoto, «Vocational Schools».

70

Kristi Klein and Sara Hodges, «Gender Differences, Motivation, and Empathic Accuracy: When It Pays to Understand», «Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin» 27, ¹ 6 (Èþíü 2001 ã.): p. 720–30.

71

Ñì. www.lifeafterhate.org.

72

Pam Willenz, «Who Is Likely to Become a Bully, Victim or Both?», American Psychological Association, 8 èþëÿ 2010 ã., http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2010/07/bully-victim.aspx.

73

Lester Holt. «Men Falling Behind Women», «NBC News», 5 ìàðòà 2011 ã., http://www.nbcnews.com/id/41928806/ns/business-us_business/t/men-falling-behind-women.

74

«Raising Cain: Boys in Focus» (äîêóìåíòàëüíûé ôèëüì, ðåæèññåð Ïîë Ñòåðí), PBS Films, 2006; ñì. òàêæå Michael Gurian, Michael and Arlette C. Ballew, «The Boys and Girls Learn Differently: Action Guide for Teachers» (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2003), p. 23.

75

Finlay Young, «The Trouble with Men: Why Men are Killing Themselves», «Newsweek», 12 ôåâðàëÿ 2015 ã., http://www.newsweek.com/2015/02/20/suicide-men-305913.html.

76

OECD, «The ABC of Gender Equality in Education: Aptitude, Behavior, Confidence, PISA» (Paris, France: OECD Publishing, 2015), 26, doi:10.1787/9789264229945-en.

77

Sarah Keenlyside, «Young, Free and Shengnu: China’s Bridget Joneses», «Telegraph», 30 èþëÿ 2012 ã., http://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/sex/9424628/Young-free-and-shengnu-Chinas-Bridget-Joneses.html.

78

«From Carnivores to Herbivores: How Men Are Defined in Japan». «Japan Today», 16 ôåâðàëÿ 2012 ã., http://www.japantoday.com/category/lifestyle/view/from-carnivores-to-herbivores-how-men-are-defined-in-japan.

79

William Kremer and Claudia Hammond, «Hikikomori: Why Are So Many Japanese Men Refusing to Leave Their Rooms?» BBC News, 5 èþëÿ 2013 ã., http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-23182523.

80

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82

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83

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84

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85

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86

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95

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105

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106

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129

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 äîïîëíåíèå ê ìîåé êíèãå «Father and Child Reunion» ïîñìîòðèòå íà YouTube ðîëèê «Diane Lane: A Life in the Spotlight», CBS Sunday Morning, 7 ìàÿ 2017 ãîäà http://youtu.be/tygUK6aAjXA, ãäå ïîêàçàí ÿðêèé ïðèìåð òîãî, êàêóþ âàæíåéøóþ ðîëü â æèçíè äåâî÷êè ìîæåò ñûãðàòü îòåö, äàæå åñëè ðîäèòåëè â ðàçâîäå.

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147

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 ýòó ñåòü âêëþ÷àþòñÿ îòäåëû ìîçãà, êîòîðûå ñâÿçûâàþò ýìîöèîíàëüíîå çíà÷åíèå è îïûò (ìèíäàëåâèäíîå òåëî, ðîñòðàëüíî-âåíòðàëüíàÿ ïåðåäíÿÿ ïîÿñíàÿ êîðà, êðàåâàÿ äîëÿ áîëüøîãî ìîçãà, îñòðîâêîâàÿ äîëÿ è âåíòðàëüíàÿ îáëàñòü ïîêðûøêè), à òàêæå íåêîòîðûå äðóãèå îòäåëû, êîòîðûå ïîìîãàþò íàì ðàñïîçíàâàòü ïîòðåáíîñòè, íàìåðåíèÿ è äóøåâíîå ñîñòîÿíèå îêðóæàþùèõ (âåíòðîìåäèàëüíàÿ ïðåôðîíòàëüíàÿ êîðà, âèñî÷íàÿ âåðõíÿÿ áîðîçäà). Ñì. Eyal Abraham et al., «Father’s Brain Is Sensitive to Childcare Experiences», «Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences» 111, ¹ 27 (2014): 9792–97, doi:10.1073/pnas.1402569111.

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Marquardt et al., «Daddy’s Name is Donor».

186

Steve Hartman, «Finding a Car to Connect a Son with His Father, a Fallen Soldier», CBS News, 3 íîÿáðÿ 2017 ã., https://www.cbsnews.com/news/finding-a-car-to-connect-a-son-with-his-father-a-fallen-soldier/.

187

Henry Biller, «Paternal Deprivation: Family, School, Sexuality, and Society» (Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1974).

188

N. Radin, «The Role of the Father in Cognitive, Academic, and Intellectual Development», â êí. «The Role of the Father in Child Development», ed. M. E. Lamb (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1981), 379–427; N. Radin, «The Influence of Fathers on Their Sons and Daughters», «Social Work in Education» 8 (1986): 77–91; N. Radin and G. Russell, «Increased Paternal Participation and Childhood Outcomes», â êí. «Fatherhood and Family Policy», ed. M. E. Lamb and A. Sagi (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1983), 191–218.

189

Ñì. H. S. Goldstein, «Fathers’ Absence and Cognitive Development of 12- to 17-Year-Olds», «Psychological Reports» 51 (1982): 843–48. Ñì. òàêæå N. Radin, «Role of the Father»; N. Radin, «Influence of Fathers».

190

Sheila Fitzgerald Krein and A. Beller, «Educational Attainment of Children from Single-Parent Families: Differences by Exposure, Gender, and Race», «Demography» 25 (ìàé 1988): 403–26.

191

Edward Kruk, «The Vital Importance of Paternal Presence in Children’s Lives», «Psychology Today», 23 ìàÿ 2012 ã., https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/co-parenting-after-divorce/201205/father-absence-father-deficit-father-hunger.

192

David Autor et al., «Family Disadvantage and the Gender Gap in Behavioral and Educational Outcomes», (no. 22267, «National Bureau of Economic Research», ìàé 2016 ã.), doi:10.3386/ w22267: «Ñðåäè ìîëîäåæè ñ 18 äî 21 ãîäà èç ïîëíûõ ñåìåé áåçðàáîòèöà ó þíîøåé âûøå, ÷åì ó äåâóøåê èç âñåõ êâèíòèëåé ïî äîõîäó ðîäèòåëåé, à ñðåäè ìîëîäåæè èç íåïîëíûõ ñåìåé áåçðàáîòèöà ó ìóæ÷èí ê 30 ãîäàì âñåãäà âûøå, ÷åì ó æåíùèí».

193

Kruk, «Vital Importance of Paternal Presence».

194

Carmen Noevi Velez and Patricia Cohen, «Suicidal Behavior and Ideation in a Community Sample of Children: Maternal and Youth Reports», «Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry» 273 (1988): 349–56.

195

Åäèíñòâåííûé ôàêòîð, âëèÿíèå êîòîðîãî âàæíåå îòöîâñêîãî ó÷àñòèÿ, – âîçðàñò ðåáåíêà. Robert H. Coombs and John Landsverk, «Parenting Styles and Substance Use During Childhood and Adolescence», «Journal of Marriage and the Family» 50 (Ìàé 1988): 479, table 4. Ó÷èòûâàþòñÿ âîçðàñò, ïîë, ýòíè÷åñêàÿ ïðèíàäëåæíîñòü, ñîöèàëüíîå ïðîèñõîæäåíèå, áëèçîñòü ñ ðîäèòåëÿìè, äîâåðèå ê ðîäèòåëÿì, ðîäèòåëüñêèå ïðàâèëà, ñòðîãîñòü ðîäèòåëåé è äðóãèå ôàêòîðû. Âîçðàñò îïðåäåëÿåò îêîëî 17 % âàðèàöèè íàðêîìàíèè ñðåäè ìîëîäûõ ëþäåé èç ýòîé âûáîðêè, à õîðîøèå îòíîøåíèÿ (áëèçîñòü) ñ îòöîì – åùå 10 %; âëèÿíèå âñåõ îñòàëüíûõ ôàêòîðîâ íå áîëüøå 2 %.

196

US Department of Justice, «What Can the Federal Government Do to Decrease Crime and Revitalize Communities?» Panel Papers, «Office of Justice Programs», «National Institute of Justice», 1998, 11 https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles/172210.pdf.

197

APA, «Who Is Likely to Become a Bully, Victim or Both?», EurekaAlert! 8 èþëÿ 2010 ã., http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2010-07/apa-wil070810.php.

198

Heather A. Turner, «The Effect of Lifetime Victimization on the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents», «Social Science & Medicine» 62, ¹ 1 (ÿíâàðü 2006): 13–27.

199

Èññëåäîâàíèå îñíîâàíî íà äàííûõ Íàöèîíàëüíîãî äîëãîñðî÷íîãî èññëåäîâàíèÿ çäîðîâüÿ ìîëîäåæè (National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health); ñì. Chris Knoester and Dana L. Haynie, «Community Context, Social Integration into Family, and Youth Violence», «Journal of Marriage and Family» 67, ¹ 3 (2005): 767–80, doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2005.00168.x.

200

Raymond A. Knight and Robert A. Prentky, «The Developmental Antecedents of Adult Adaptions of Rapist Subtypes», «Criminal Justice and Behavior» 14, ¹ 4 (1987): 413–14, doi:10.1177/0093 854887014004001. Íàéò è Ïðåíòêè íàçâàëè òàêóþ ÷åðòó íàñèëüíèêà «ñìåùåííûì ãíåâîì».

201

Richard V. Reeves, «Saving Horatio Alger: Equality, Opportunity, and the American Dream», Brookings Institution, «Brookings Essay», 20 àâãóñòà 2014 ã. Ñì. òàêæå âèäåî: https://www.brookings.edu/blog/social-mobility-memos/2014/08/21/saving-horatio-alger-the-data-behind-the-words-and-the-lego-bricks

202

Ñ ïîïðàâêîé íà ñåìåéíóþ èñòîðèþ ãèïåðòåíçèè, îæèðåíèå, äèàáåò, âîçðàñò, òðóäîâóþ çàíÿòîñòü, êóðåíèå è ò. ä. Ñì. Todd Neale, «Two-Parent Homes Foster Lower BP in Black Males», «MedPage Today», 2 äåêàáðÿ 2013 ã., http://www.medpagetoday.com/Cardiology/Hypertension/43212?xid=nl_mpt_DHE_2013-12-03.

203

Mary Main and Donna R. Weston, «The Quality of the Toddler’s Relationship to Mother and to Father: Related to Conflict Behavior and the Readiness to Establish New Relationships», «Child Development» 52, ¹ 3 (1981): 932–40, doi:10.2307/1129097.

204

Richard Koestner, C. Franz, and J. Weinberger, «The Family Origins of Empathic Concern: A Twenty-Six-Year Longitudinal Study», «Journal of Personality and Social Psychology» 58, ¹ 4 (àïðåëü 1990): 709–17.

205

Îáñóæäåíèå âîïðîñà ýìïàòèè è åå ñâÿçè ñ îòöîâñêèì âîñïèòàíèåì è ñ÷àñòüåì â æèçíè ñì. â Warren Farrell, «Father and Child Reunion» (New York: Putnam/Penguin, 2001), 30–31.

206

Samantha Nazione et al., «An Experimental Study of Medical Error Explanations», «Journal of Health Communication», Vol 20, 2015, Issue 12, p. 1422.

207

David J. Deming, «The Growing Importance of Social Skills in the Labor Market» (no. 21473, «National Bureau of Economic Research», àâãóñò 2015), doi:10.3386/w21473.

208

US Department of Justice, «What Can the Federal Government Do?»

209

Cynthia C. Harper and Sara S. McLanahan, «Father Absence and Youth Incarceration», «Journal of Research on Adolescence» 14, ¹ 3 (Ñåíòÿáðü 2004): 369–97, doi:10.1111/j.1532- 7795.2004.00079.x.

210

Sonja B. Starr, «Estimating Gender Disparities in Federal Criminal Cases», «American Law and Economics Review» 17, ¹ 1 (2014): 127–59, doi:10.1093/aler/ahu010.

211

Starr, «Estimating Gender Disparities».

212

Daniel Beaty, «Def Poetry: Knock Knock», YouTube video, 2:34, Poetical TV, 15 ìàðòà 2010 ã., http://youtu.be/9eYH0AFx6yI.

213

Ron L. Deal, «Marriage, Family, and Stepfamily Statistics», SmartStepfamilies, àïðåëü 2014, http://www.smartstepfamilies.com/view/statistics.  ýòîì äîêóìåíòå äàíà ïîïûòêà îòâåòèòü íà ñëåäóþùèå âîïðîñû: ïî÷åìó òàê ìíîãî ñòàòèñòè÷åñêèõ äàííûõ ïî ðàçâîäàì è ïîâòîðíûì áðàêàì â âîñüìèäåñÿòûå è äåâÿíîñòûå? Ïî÷åìó ó íàñ íåò áîëåå ñâåæèõ äàííûõ? Ïðàâèòåëüñòâî ÑØÀ (Vital Statistics) â ïîñëåäíåå âðåìÿ îòêàçàëîñü îò ïðåæíåé ïðàêòèêè îòñëåæèâàòü òåíäåíöèè ïî áðàêàì, ðàçâîäàì, ïîâòîðíûì áðàêàì è ïðèåìíûì ñåìüÿì. Ïîñëå 1996 ãîäà îíî ñòàëî òðåáîâàòü îò îïðàøèâàåìûõ íåñêîëüêî äðóãîãî íàáîðà ñâåäåíèé, ïîýòîìó îáíîâèòü ìíîãèå ñòàòèñòè÷åñêèå äàííûå ñòàëî íåâîçìîæíî. Íàïðèìåð, ïðè âûäà÷å áðà÷íûõ ëèöåíçèé áîëüøå íå îáÿçàòåëüíî óêàçûâàòü, ñîñòîÿë ëè ðàíüøå â áðàêå êòî-òî èç ïàðòíåðîâ. Ïî âñåé âèäèìîñòè, áîëüøå ýòè äàííûå ïðàâèòåëüñòâî íå èíòåðåñóþò.

214

US Census Bureau, «Living Arrangements of Children under 18 Years/1 and Marital Status of Parents by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin/2 and Selected Characteristics of the Child for All Children 2010», Current Population Survey, table C3.

215

Warren Farrell, «Father and Child Reunion» (New York: Putnam/Penguin, 2001).

216

William J. Doherty, Brian J. Willoughby, and Jason L. Wilde, «Is the Gender Gap in College Enrollment Influenced by Nonmarital Birth Rates and Father Absence?» «Family Relations» 65, ¹ 2 (2015): 263–74, doi:10.1111/fare.12157.

217

Sara McLanahan and Gary Sandefur, «Growing Up with a Single Parent» (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994), 41. ×åòûðå èññëåäîâàíèÿ, î êîòîðûõ èäåò ðå÷ü, – ýòî Íàöèîíàëüíîå äîëãîñðî÷íîå èññëåäîâàíèå ìîëîäåæè (National Longitudinal Survey of Youth), Ìíîãîêðàòíîå äîëãîñðî÷íîå èññëåäîâàíèå äèíàìèêè äîõîäîâ (Panel Study of Income Dynamics), Èññëåäîâàíèå øêîëüíîãî è äàëüíåéøåãî îáðàçîâàíèÿ (High School and Beyond Study) è Íàöèîíàëüíîå èññëåäîâàíèå ñåìåé è äîìîõîçÿéñòâ (National Survey of Families and Households).  ÷èñëî êîíòðîëèðóåìûõ ñîöèàëüíî-ýêîíîìè÷åñêèõ ïåðåìåííûõ âõîäèëè ðàñîâàÿ ïðèíàäëåæíîñòü, îáðàçîâàíèå ìàòåðè, îáðàçîâàíèå îòöà, äîõîä, êîëè÷åñòâî äåòåé â ñåìüå, ìåñòî æèòåëüñòâà è ïðî÷èå ôîíîâûå ðàçëè÷èÿ (p. 12, appendix B).

218

Sara McLanahan, Laura Tach, and Daniel Schneider, «The Causal Effects of Father Absence», «Annual Review of Sociology» 39 (2013): 399–427, doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-071312-145704). Ñàðà Ìàêëàíàãàí ðàáîòàåò â Ïðèíñòîíñêîì óïðàâëåíèè äåìîãðàôè÷åñêèõ èññëåäîâàíèé, Ëîðà Òà÷ – â Êîðíåëëñêîì îòäåëåíèè ñòðàòåãè÷åñêîé àíàëèòèêè, à Äýíèåë Øíåéäåð – íà êàôåäðå ñîöèîëîãèè â Áåðêëè.

219

Bryce J. Christensen, «America’s Academic Dilemma: The Family and the Schools», «Family in America» 2, ¹ 6, (Èþíü 1988); öèò. â Nicholas Davidson, «Life Without Father: America’s Greatest Social Catastrophe», «Policy Review» (çèìà 1990): 41.

220

Douglas A. Smith and G. Roger Jarjoura, «Social Structure and Criminal Victimization», «Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency» 25, ¹ 1 (ôåâðàëü 1988): 27–52.

221

Frank F. Furstenberg Jr. and Kathleen Mullan Harris, «When and Why Fathers Matter: Impacts of Father Involvement on the Children of Adolescent Mothers», â êí. «Young Unwed Fathers: Changing Roles and Emerging Policies», ed. Robert I. Lerman and Theodora J. Ooms (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1993), 127, 130. Êîãîðòà ýòîãî èññëåäîâàíèÿ ñîñòàâëÿëà 253 ÷åëîâåêà. Ñðåäè ñûíîâåé ìàòåðåé-ïîäðîñòêîâ èç íåáëàãîïîëó÷íûõ ðàéîíîâ ó 15 % ê äåâÿòíàäöàòè ãîäàì áûëè äåòè, íî â ÷èñëå íåñîâåðøåííîëåòíèõ îòöîâ íå îêàçàëîñü îïÿòü æå íè îäíîãî þíîøè, ó êîòîðîãî áûëè õîðîøèå îòíîøåíèÿ ñ ðîäíûì îòöîì.

222

Marianne Bertrand and Jessica Pan, «The Trouble with Boys: Social Influences and the Gender Gap in Disruptive Behavior», «American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, American Economic Association» 5, ¹ 1 (ÿíâàðü 2013): 32–64.

223

J. Waldfogel, T. Craigie, and J. Brooks-Gunn, «Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing», «Future of Children» 20 (2010): 87–112. Â ÑØÀ äâå òðåòè íåæåíàòûõ ïàð, æèâøèõ ñîâìåñòíî íà ìîìåíò ðîæäåíèÿ ðåáåíêà, ðàñïàäàþòñÿ ê òîìó âðåìåíè, êàê ðåáåíêó èñïîëíÿåòñÿ äåñÿòü. Ñì. òàêæå Pamela Smock and Fiona Rose Greenland, «Diversity in Pathways to Parenthood: Patterns, Implications, and Emerging Research Directions», «Journal of Marriage and Family» 72, ¹ 3: 576–93.

224

Colter Mitchell et al., «Father Loss and Child Telomere Length», Pediatrics (Èþëü 2017): doi: 10.1542/peds.2016-3245.

225

Jason De Parle and Sabrina Tavernise, «For Women Under 30, Most Births Occur Outside Marriage», «New York Times», 17 ôåâðàëÿ 2012 ã., https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/18/us/for-women-under-30-most-births-occur-outside-marriage.html. Ïî÷òè äâå òðåòè äåòåé â ÑØÀ ðîæäàþòñÿ ó æåíùèí ìîëîæå òðèäöàòè.

226

Ýòîò ãðàôèê â íåñêîëüêî èçìåíåííîì âèäå âçÿò èç ñòàòüè Jason De Parle and Sabrina Tavernise, «For Women Under 30, Most Births Occur Outside Marriage».

227

W. Bradford Wilcox, «Marriage Makes Our Children Richer – Here’s Why», «Atlantic», 29 îêòÿáðÿ 2013 ã., http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2013/10/marriage-makes-our-childrenricher-heres-why/280930.

228

Ñì. Child Trends, «New Brief Shows Nonmarital Childbearing Is Increasingly Common in United States», 16 äåêàáðÿ 2011 ã., http://archive.constantcontact.com/fs008/1101701160827/archive/1108965696926.html.

229

Ïåðâîíà÷àëüíî «Äîêëàä Ìîéíèõýíà» áûë îïóáëèêîâàí â 1965 ãîäó â âèäå êíèãè: Daniel Patrick Moynihan, «The Negro Family: The Case For National Action».

230

Ñì. Sara McLanahan and Christopher Jecks, «Was Moynihan Right?» «Education Next» 15, ¹ 2 (Âåñíà 2015): http://educationnext.org/was-moynihan-right.

231

Ãðàôèê âçÿò èç ñòàòüè Sara McLanahan and Christopher Jecks, «Was Moynihan Right?». Ó÷åíûå ïîëüçîâàëèñü äàííûìè National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System.

232

Sara McLanahan and Christopher Jecks, «Was Moynihan Right?». Ñì. fig. 2.

233

George A. Akerlof and Janet L. Yellen, «An Analysis of Out-of-Wedlock Births in the U.S»., Brookings Institution, report, 1 àâãóñòà 1996 ã., https://www.brookings.edu/research/an-analysis-of-out-of-wedlock-births-in-the-united-states/.

234

Akerlof and Yellen, «Analysis of Out-of-Wedlock Births».

235

De Parle and Tavernise, «Women Under 30».

236

Richard Warshak, «Social Science and Parenting Plans for Young Children: A Consensus Report», «Psychology, Public Policy, and Law» (ôåâðàëü 2014): doi:10.1037/law0000005. Êðàòêîå ïîïóëÿðíîå èçëîæåíèå ñòàòüè ñì. http://www.warshak.com/store/cr53.html.

237

Ïîòðåáëåíèå ôîëàòîâ ïðåäóïðåæäàåò ó æåíùèí âûêèäûøè è âðîæäåííûå äåôåêòû ïëîäà. Ó÷åíûå-ýïèãåíåòèêè èç Óíèâåðñèòåòà èìåíè Ìàêãèëëà èññëåäîâàëè ïîòðåáëåíèå ôîëàòîâ ó îòöîâ è îáíàðóæèëè, ÷òî äèåòà îòöà ïåðåä çà÷àòèåì âëèÿåò íà çäîðîâüå ïîòîìñòâà â òîé æå ìåðå, ÷òî è äèåòà ìàòåðè. Èññëåäîâàíèå ïðîâîäèëîñü íà ìûøàõ, ñ êîòîðûìè ó íàñ ðàçíèöà âñåãî â äåñÿòü ãåíîâ èç ÷åòûðåõ òûñÿ÷. R. Lambrot et al., «Low Paternal Dietary Folate Alters the Mouse Sperm Epigenome and Is Associated with Negative Pregnancy Outcomes», «Nature Communications» 4 (2013): ¹ 2889, doi:10.1038/ncomms3889.

238

Rachel Levy-Shiff et al., «Fathers’ Hospital Visits to their Preterm Infants as a Predictor of Father-Infant Relationship and Infant Development», «Pediatrics» 86, ¹ 2 (1990): 291–92. Àâòîðû ðàáîòàþò â Óíèâåðñèòåòå èìåíè Áàð-Èëàíà è â áîëüíèöå «Êàïëàí» â Èçðàèëå.

239

Frank A. Pedersen, Judith L. Rubenstein, and Leon J. Yarrow, «Infant Development in Father-Absent Families», «Journal of Genetic Psychology» 135 (ñåíòÿáðü 1979): 55–57, doi:10.1080/00221325.1979.10533416.

240

Martin Deutsch and Bert Brown, «Social Influences in Negro-White Intelligence Differences», «Journal of Social Issues» 20, ¹ 2 (1964): 29.

241

Pedersen, Rubenstein, and Yarrow, «Infant Development», 55–57.

242

Kristin Berg Nordahl, «Early Father-Child Interaction in a Father-Friendly Context», (äèññåðòàöèÿ, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway, 2014). Àâòîð ðàáîòàåò â Íîðâåæñêîì öåíòðå ïîâåäåí÷åñêîãî ðàçâèòèÿ äåòåé â Îñëî.

243

Allan N. Schore, «All Our Sons: The Developmental Neurobiology and Neuroendocrinology of Boys at Risk», «Infant Mental Health Journal» 38, ¹ 1 (ÿíâàðü-ôåâðàëü 2017): 15–52, doi:10.1002/imhj.21616.

244

R. Dalton et al., «Psychiatric Hospitalization of Pre-school Children: Admission Factors and Discharge Implications», «Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry» 26, ¹ 3 (Ìàé 1987): 308–12.

245

H. S. Merskey and G. T. Swart, «Family Background and Physical Health of Adolescents Admitted to an In-Patient Psychiatric Unit, I: Principle Caregivers», «Canadian Journal of Psychiatry» 34, ¹ 2 (1989): 79–83.

246

Nicholas Davidson, «Life Without Father: America’s Greatest Social Catastrophe», Policy Review 51 (Çèìà, 1990): 42.

247

Zahn-Waxler, E. A. Shirtcliff, and K. Marceau, «Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence: Gender and Psychopathology», «Annual Review of Clinical Psychology» 4 (2008): 275–303, doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091358.

248

Íîáåëåâñêèé ëàóðåàò Äæåéìñ Õåêìàí: James Heckman, «Heckman Study: High Quality Early Childhood Education Provides Salient Benefits to Low-Income Children and Mothers», University of Chicago, Department of Economics, 24 àïðåëÿ 2017 ã., https://economics.uchicago.edu/blog/heckman-study-high-quality-early-childhood-education-provides-salient-benefits-low-income.

249

Schore, «All Our Sons».

250

Ed Tronick, «The Neurobehavioral and Social-Emotional Development of Infants and Children» (New York: W. W. Norton, 2007), 340, 345.

251

Claire Cain Miller, «How Child Care Enriches Mothers, and Especially the Sons They Raise», «New York Times», 20 àïðåëÿ 2017 ã., https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/20/upshot/how-child-careenriches-mothers-and-especially-the-sons-they-raise.html.

252

Heckman, «Heckman Study».

253

Ìíîãèå äàííûå, èñïîëüçîâàííûå â ýòîì ðàçäåëå, âçÿòû èç ñòàòüè ×àíäëåðà Àðíîëüäà: Chandler Arnold «Children of Stepfamilies: A Snapshot» (Center for Law and Social Policy, íîÿáðü 1998), https://www.clasp.org/sites/default/files/public/resources-and-publications/archive/0028.pdf.

254

E. Mavis Hetherington and Kathleen M. Jodl, «Stepfamilies as Settings for Child Development», â êí. «Stepfamilies: Who Benefits? Who Does Not?», ed. Alan Booth and Judy Dunn, (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1994).

255

Mary Parke, «Are Married Parents Really Better for Children? What Research Says About the Effects of Family Structure on Child Well-Being» (Couples and Married Research and Policy, Center for Law and Social Policy, Washington, DC, Ìàé 2003), http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED476114.pdf.

256

S. C. Risch, K. M. Jodi, and J. S. Eccles, «Role of the Father-Adolescent Relationship in Shaping Adolescents’ Attitudes», «Journal of Marriage and the Family» 66, ¹ 1 (2004): 46–58.

257

Hetherington and Jodl, «Stepfamilies as Settings for Child Development».

258

Äîêòîð Ý. Ìýéâèñ Õåòåðèíãòîí – ãëàâíûé íàó÷íûé ñîòðóäíèê Âèðãèíñêîãî äîëãîñðî÷íîãî èññëåäîâàíèÿ ðàçâîäîâ è ïîâòîðíûõ áðàêîâ. Âìåñòå ñ Äæîíîì Êåëëè îíà íàïèñàëà êíèãó E. Mavis Hetherington, John Kelly «For Better or For Worse: Divorce Reconsidered» (New York, W. W. Norton, 2003). Äîêòîð Õåòåðèíãòîí ïîëàãàåò, ÷òî ÷àñòîòíîñòü ðàçâîäîâ â ïîâòîðíûõ áðàêàõ «íà 50 % âûøå, åñëè ó êîãî-òî èç ñóïðóãîâ åñòü äåòè» (p. 178). Òî åñòü ÷àñòîòíîñòü ðàçâîäîâ ñîñòàâëÿåò 65–70 %. Âèðãèíñêîå äîëãîñðî÷íîå èññëåäîâàíèå îõâàòûâàåò âûáîðêó, êîòîðóþ íåëüçÿ ñ÷èòàòü ðåïðåçåíòàòèâíîé äëÿ âñåé ñòðàíû, íî ýòî ñàìîå øèðîêîå èññëåäîâàíèå ïîâòîðíûõ áðàêîâ â ÑØÀ íà äàííûé ìîìåíò.

259

D. R. Morrison et al., eds., «Parent-Child Relations and Investments of Parental Time in Children» (Washington, DC: Child Trends, 1994).

260

Paul Glick, «Remarriage: Some Recent Changes and Variations», «Journal of Family Issues» 1, ¹ 4 (1980): 455–78.

261

Kathryn Harker Tillman, «Family Structure Pathways and Academic Disadvantage Among Adolescents in Stepfamilies», «Sociological Inquiry» 77, ¹ 3 (2007): 383–424, doi:10.1111/j.1475- 682X.2007.00198.x.

262

Nan Marie Astone and Sara S. McLanahan, «Family Structure, Residential Mobility, and School Dropout: A Research Note», «Demography» 31, ¹ 4 (íîÿáðü 1994): 575–83.

263

Heather A. Turner, «The Effect of Lifetime Victimization on the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents», «Social Science & Medicine» 62, ¹ 1 (ÿíâàðü 2006): 13–27.

264

Cynthia C. Harper and Sara S. McLanahan, «Father Absence and Youth Incarceration», «Journal of Research on Adolescence» 14, ¹ 3 (ñåíòÿáðü 2004): 369–97, doi:10.1111/j.1532- 7795.2004.00079.x.

265

Richard Fletcher, University of Newcastle, Australia, and others, öèò. â Sue Shellenbarger, «Roughhousing Lessons from Dad: Fathers Teach Risk-Taking, Boundary-Setting; Learning From ‘Sock Wrestling’», «Wall Street Journal», 11 èþíÿ 2014 ã., https://www.wsj.com/articles/roughhousing-lessons-from-dad-1402444262.

266

Mogens Nygaard Christoffersen, «An Investigation of Fathers with 3–5-Year-Old Children» (äîêëàä íà êîíôåðåíöèè «Ministerratskonferenz» ïîä ýãèäîé Èíñòèòóòà ñîöèàëüíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé, Øâåöèÿ, Ñòîêãîëüì, 27–28 àïðåëÿ 1995 ã.), chart 2, «Parents Living Alone with 3- to 5-Year-Old Children».

267

Mary Jo Coiro, Nicholas Zill, and Barbara Bloom, «Health of Our Nation’s Children», US Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, «Vital and Health Statistics», series 10, ¹ 191, äåêàáðü 1994 ã. Íàöèîíàëüíîå àíêåòèðîâàíèå ïî âîïðîñàì çäîðîâüÿ îñíîâàíî íà âûáîðêå Áþðî ïåðåïèñè íàñåëåíèÿ ÑØÀ, îõâàòûâàþùåé 122 000 ÷åëîâåê, â òîì ÷èñëå ñâûøå 17 000 äåòåé (table 16, p. 49). Äåòè, æèâóùèå òîëüêî ñ ðîäíûìè îòöàìè, ëîæàòñÿ ïîçäíî èëè íå ñîáëþäàþò ðåæèì â 9 % ñëó÷àåâ, à æèâóùèå òîëüêî ñ ðîäíûìè ìàòåðÿìè – â 33 % ñëó÷àåâ.

268

Christoffersen, «Investigation of Fathers», chart 3.

269

University of Chicago «Becoming a Man», Crime Lab, 2012, https://urbanlabs.uchicago.edu/projects/becoming-a-man.

270

Richard Koestner, C. Franz, and J. Weinberger, «The Family Origins of Empathic Concern: A Twenty-Six-Year Longitudinal Study», «Journal of Personality and Social Psychology» 58, ¹ 4 (àïðåëü 1990): 709–17.

271

D. A. Luepnitz, «Child Custody» (Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath, 1982); öèò. â Richard A. Warshak, «Father Custody and Child Development: A Review and Analysis of Psychological Research», «Behavioral Sciences and the Law» 4, ¹ 2 (1986): 192.

272

Christoffersen, «Investigation of Fathers», chart 2.

273

Coiro, Zill, and Bloom, «Health of Our Nation’s Children», table 13, p. 43.

274

Warren Farrell, «Father and Child Reunion» (NY: Putnam/Penguin, 2001)

275

«Saddest Boy Ever», îòðûâîê èç «The Jenny Jones Show», «Boot Camp My Pre-teen» (1998), 10, 2011, http://youtu.be/gVXXDtWtHDY.

276

«Minor Asking For Alcohol Experiment Prank», https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3_SJtrgPg8Q

277

D. A. Luepnitz, «Child Custody», 112–25.

278

E. M. Hetherington, «Divorce: A Child’s Perspective», «American Psychologist» 34, ¹ 10 (1979): 831–58.

279

Richard A. Warshak, «Father Custody and Child Development: A Review and Analysis of Psychological Research», «Behavioral Sciences & the Law» 4, ¹ 2 (1986): 190.

280

John Simmons, «IBM Says No to Home Work», «Wall Street Journal», 19 ìàÿ 2017 ã., p. A1.

281

Daniel Paquette, University of Montreal, cited in in Sue Shellenbarger, «Roughhousing Lessons from Dad».

282

Shellenbarger, «Roughhousing Lessons from Dad».

283

Shellenbarger, «Roughhousing Lessons from Dad».

284

Shellenbarger, «Roughhousing Lessons from Dad».

285

Nadya Pancsofar and Lynne Vernon-Feagans, «Mother and Father Language Input to Young Children: Contributions to Later Language Development», «Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology» 27, ¹ 6 (2006): 571–87, doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2006.08.003.

286

Fletcher, University of Newcastle, Australia, è äð., öèò. â Shellenbarger, «Roughhousing Lessons from Dad».

287

K. Alison Clarke-Stewart and Craig Hayward, «Advantages of Father Custody and Contact for the Psychological Well-Being of School-Age Children», «Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology» 17, ¹ 2 (àïðåëü-èþíü 1996): 239–70, doi:10.1016/S0193-3973(96)90027-1.

288

Ïîäðîáíåå î áåçîïàñíîñòè, êîòîðóþ ÷óâñòâóþò äåâî÷êè ïðè îáùåíèè ñ ðîäíûìè îòöàìè è, êàê ïðàâèëî (íî íå âñåãäà) ñ îò÷èìàìè, ñì. Warren Farrell, «Father and Child Reunion».

289

Dacher Keltner, «In Defense of Teasing», «New York Times Magazine», 5 äåêàáðÿ 2008 ã. Ñì. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/07/magazine/07teasing-t.html.

290

Janet Reitman, «How the Death of a Muslim Recruit Revealed a Culture of Brutality in the Marines», «New York Times Magazine», 6 èþëÿ 2017 ã., https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/06/magazine/how-the-death-of-a-muslim-recruit-revealed-a-culture-of-brutality-in-the-marines.html.

291

Pew Research Center, «Women Call the Shots at Home; Public Mixed on Gender Roles in Jobs», Social & Demographic Trends, 25 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2008 ã., http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2008/09/25/women-call-the-shots-at-home-public-mixed-on-gender-roles-in-jobs/.

292

Pew Research Center, «Women Call the Shots at Home; Public Mixed on Gender Roles in Jobs».

293

Marcus Hamilton, Èþëü 2014, (Ñ) 2015, North American Syndicate

294

Paul Amato and Joan Gilbreth, «Nonresident Fathers and Children’s Wellbeing: A Meta-analysis», «Journal of Marriage and the Family» 61, ¹ 3 (1999): 557–73, doi:10.2307/353560.

295

Michael E. Lamb, «Divorce and Parenting», â êí. «Encyclopedia of Applied Developmental Science», ed. C. B. Fisher and R. M. Lerner (New York: Sage, 2004), 794–96; öèò. ïî William V. Fabricius et al., «Custody and Parenting Time: Links to Family Relationships and Well-Being After Divorce», â êí. «The Role of the Father in Child Developmen» t, 5th ed., ed. Michael E. Lamb (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2010).

296

Robert Bauserman, «Child Adjustment in Joint-Custody Versus Sole-Custody Arrangements: A Meta-analytic Review», «Journal of Family Psychology» 16, ¹ 1 (2002): 91–102; öèò. ïî Fabricius, «Custody and Parenting Time».

297

Bauserman, «Child Adjustment».

298

Richard A. Warshak, «Social Science and Parenting Plans for Young Children: A Consensus Report», «Psychology, Public Policy, and Law» 20, ¹ 1 (2014): 46–67, doi:10.1037/law0000005.

299

Michael E. Lamb, K. J. Sternberg, and R. A. Thompson, «The Effects of Divorce and Custody Arrangements on Children’s Behavior, Development, and Adjustment», «Family and Conciliation Courts Review» 35, ¹ 4 (1997): 393–404; öèò. ïî Fabricius, «Custody and Parenting Time».

300

B. Jablonska and L. Lindberg, «Risk Behaviours, Victimisation and Mental Distress Among Adolescents in Different Family Structures», «Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology» 42, ¹ 8 (àâãóñò 2007): 656–63, doi:10.1007/s00127-007-0210-3. Èññëåäîâàíèå îõâàòèëî 12 582 ïîäðîñòêîâ â âîçðàñòå 15 ëåò.

301

Emma Fransson et. al., «Why should they live more with one of us when they are children to us both?», «Children and Youth Services Review» 66 (èþëü 2016): 154–60, doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.05.011.

302

 ÑØÀ þðèäè÷åñêèé òåðìèí «joint custody» – ñîâìåñòíàÿ îïåêà ðàçâåäåííûõ ðîäèòåëåé íàä íåñîâåðøåííîëåòíèìè äåòüìè – íå îáÿçàòåëüíî ïðåäïîëàãàåò ðàâíîå ðàñïðåäåëåíèå âðåìåíè è êàñàåòñÿ ëèøü ñîâìåñòíîãî ïðèíÿòèÿ âàæíûõ ðåøåíèé.  Øâåöèè ñîâìåñòíàÿ îïåêà îçíà÷àåò, ÷òî ðîäèòåëüñêîå âðåìÿ äåëèòñÿ ïðèìåðíî 50 íà 50.

303

M. Bergström, B. Modin, et al., «Living in Two Homes: A Swedish National Survey of Wellbeing in 12 and 15 Year Olds with Joint Physical Custody», «BMC Public Health» 13 (ñåíòÿáðü 2013): 868.

304

Malin Bergström, «Mental Health and Wellbeing in Children in Shared Parenting and Other Living Arrangements» (ïðåçåíòàöèÿ, «Center for Health Equity Studies», Øâåöèÿ, îêòÿáðü 2014 ã.), http://www.divorcecorp.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Mental-Health-Wellbeing-in-Different-Living-Arrangements_Malin-Bergstrom.pdf.

305

Bergström et al., «Living in Two Homes».

306

E. M. Hetherington, M. Cox, and R. Cox, «Effects of Divorce on Parents and Children», â êí. «Nontraditional Families», ed. M. Lamb (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1982), 233–88; Judith Wallerstein and Joan B. Kelly, «Surviving the Breakup» (NY: Basic Books, 1980); è John W. Santrock and Richard A. Warshak, «The Impact of Divorce in Father-Custody and Mother-Custody Homes: The Child’s Perspective», â êí. «Children and Divorce», ed. L. A. Kurdek (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1983).

307

Hetherington, Cox, and Cox, «Effects of Divorce»; Wallerstein and Kelly, «Surviving the Breakup»; è Santrock and Warshak, «Impact of Divorce».

308

Hetherington, Cox, and Cox, «Effects of Divorce»; Wallerstein and Kelly, «Surviving the Breakup»; è Santrock and Warshak, «Impact of Divorce».

309

D. A. Luepnitz, «Maternal, Paternal, and Joint Custody: A Study of Families After Divorce» (PhD dissertation, State University of New York, Buffalo, 1980).

310

Paula M. Raines, «Joint Custody and the Right to Travel: Legal and Psychological Implications», «Journal of Family Law» 24 (Èþíü 1986): 625–56.

311

E. G. Pojman, «Emotional Adjustment of Boys in Sole Custody and Joint Custody Compared with Adjustment of Boys in Happy and Unhappy Marriages» (PhD dissertation, California Graduate Institute, Los Angeles, 1982).

312

Jablonska and Lindberg, «Risk Behaviours», 656–63.

313

Margaret Crosbie-Burnett, «Impact of Joint vs. Sole Custody and Quality of Co-parental Relationship on Adjustment of Adolescents in Remarried Families», «Behavioral Sciences & the Law» 9, ¹ 4 (îñåíü 1991): 439–49, doi:10.1002/bsl.2370090407.

314

E. B. Karp, «Children’s Adjustment in Joint and Single Custody: An Empirical Study» (PhD dissertation, California School of Professional Psychology, Berkeley, CA, 1982).

315

Luepnitz, «Joint Custody».

316

Shirley M. H. Hanson, «Healthy Single Parent Families», Family Relations 35, ¹ 1 (1986): 131, doi:10.2307/584291.

317

Ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì îïðîñîâ ìàòåðåé, êîòîðûå ó÷àñòâîâàëè â ñåìèíàðàõ äëÿ ðîäèòåëåé. Öåëüþ îïðîñîâ áûëî îöåíèòü ïðîãðåññ èõ ñûíîâåé â õîäå òóðèñòè÷åñêîãî âûåçäà «Young Men’s Ultimate Weekend» («Äâóõäíåâíàÿ øêîëà ïðèêëþ÷åíèé äëÿ þíîøåé») â 2010–2017 ãã. Ïðîãðàììó «Young Men’s Ultimate Weekend» îñíîâàë Ìàðê Øèëëèíãåð, êîòîðûé è ïðîâîäèò ñåìèíàðû âìåñòå ñ Ðîøåëü Íüþìàí.

318

Linda Nielsen, «Shared Physical Custody: Summary of 40 Studies on Outcomes for Children», «Journal of Divorce and Remarriage» 55, ¹ 8 (2014): 613–35, doi:10.1080/10502556.2014.965578.

319

Malin Bergström et al., «Fifty Moves a Year: Is There an Association Between Joint Physical Custody and Psychosomatic Problems in Children?», «Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health» 69, ¹ 8 (àïðåëü 2015): 769–74, doi:10.1136/jech-2014-205058.

320

Èç ëè÷íîé ïåðåïèñêè, 11 ÿíâàðÿ 2013 ã.; èìÿ àâòîðà èçìåíåíî, âûäåëåíèå æèðíûì øðèôòîì ìîå. – Ó. Ô.

321

Glynnis Walker, «Solomon’s Children» (New York: Arbor House, 1986), 27 è 84–85.

322

K. Alison Clarke-Stewart and Craig Hayward, «Advantages of Father Custody and Contact for the Psychological Well-Being of School-Age Children», «Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology» 17, ¹ 2 (àïðåëü-èþíü 1996 ã.): 239–70, doi:10.1016/S0193-3973(96)90027–1.

323

Mogens Nygaard Christoffersen, «An Investigation of Fathers with 3–5-Year-Old Children» (äîêëàä íà êîíôåðåíöèè «Ministerratskonferenz» ïîä ýãèäîé Èíñòèòóòà ñîöèàëüíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé, Øâåöèÿ, Ñòîêãîëüì, 27–28 àïðåëÿ 1995 ã.), chart 4, «Psychosomatic Symptoms and Select Background Situations of the Parents».

324

Christoffersen, «Investigation of Fathers».

325

Richard A. Warshak, «Divorce Poison», (New York: Harper Collins, 2010).

326

Sara McLanahan and Gary Sandefur, «Growing Up with a Single Parent», (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997).

327

P. A. Cowan, C. P. Cowan, and J. Barry, «Couples’ Groups for Parents of Preschoolers: Ten-Year Outcomes of a Randomized Trial», «Journal of Family Psychology» 25, ¹ 2 (2011): 240–50, doi:10.1037/a0023003.

328

Marianne Bertrand and Jessica Pan, «The Trouble with Boys: Social Influences and the Gender Gap in Disruptive Behavior», «American Economic Journal: Applied Economics», 5 (1) (2013): 32–64, doi: 10.1257/app.5.1.32.

329

David Autor et al., «Family Disadvantage and the Gender Gap in Behavioral and Educational Outcomes» (working paper ¹ 22267, National Bureau of Economic Research, Ìàé 2016), doi:10.3386/w22267.

330

Jablonska and Lindberg, «Risk Behaviours», 656–63.

331

Àíàëèç Èññëåäîâàòåëüñêîãî öåíòðà Ïüþ ïî äàííûì ïåðåïèñè ñ äåñÿòèëåòíèìè èíòåðâàëàìè è Îïðîñîâ àìåðèêàíñêîé îáùåñòâåííîñòè, öèò. â Gretchen Livingston, «The Rise of Single Fathers: A Ninefold Increase Since 1960», Pew Research Center, 2 èþëÿ 2013 ã., http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2013/07/02/the-rise-of-single-fathers.

332

Àíàëèç Èññëåäîâàòåëüñêîãî öåíòðà Ïüþ ïî äàííûì ïåðåïèñè ñ äåñÿòèëåòíèìè èíòåðâàëàìè, öèò. â Livingston, «Rise of Single Fathers: A Ninefold Increase Since 1960».

333

John W. Santrock and Richard A. Warshak: «Father Custody and Social Development in Boys and Girls», «Journal of Social Issues» 35, ¹ 4 (îñåíü 1979): 112–25, doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1979. tb00816.x.

334

Kyle D. Pruett, «The Nurturing Male: A Longitudinal Study of Primary Nurturing Fathers», â êí. «Fathers and Their Families», ed. Stanley H. Cath, Alan Gurwitt, and Linda Gunsberg (Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press, 1989), 390. Èññëåäîâàíèå, ïîêàçàâøåå, ÷òî ðàññòðîéñòâî âíèìàíèÿ ïðîÿâëÿåòñÿ ó 30 % äåòåé, æèâóùèõ ñ ìàìîé, è ó 15 % äåòåé, æèâóùèõ ñ ïàïîé, îõâàòèëî 1200 äåòåé â âîçðàñòå 3–5 ëåò.

335

Ñðåäè äåòåé, æèâóùèõ ñ îòöàìè, ñ ïîäîáíûìè òðóäíîñòÿìè ñòàëêèâàåòñÿ 3 %, à ñ ìàòåðÿìè – 10 %. Christoffersen, «Investigation of Fathers», chart 3. Ýëåêòðîííîå ïèñüìî îò 12 ìàðòà 1997 ã. Äîêòîð Êðèñòîôôåðñåí ðàáîòàåò â Èíñòèòóòå ñîöèàëüíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé â Äàíèè. Ýòî èññëåäîâàíèå îñîáåííî âàæíî, ïîñêîëüêó îõâàòèëî áîëåå ÷åòâåðòè âñåõ äåòåé 3–5 ëåò â Äàíèè, æèâóùèõ ñ ðîäíûìè îòöàìè (600 èç 2040).  õîäå èññëåäîâàíèÿ ýòè äåòè ñðàâíèâàëèñü ñ ãðóïïîé ïðèìåðíî èç 600 äåòåé (èç 33 708), æèâóùèõ ñ ðîäíûìè ìàòåðÿìè.

336

Pruett, «Nurturing Male», 390.

337

Pruett, «Nurturing Male», 390.

338

Pruett, «Nurturing Male», 390.

339

Jablonska and Lindberg, «Risk Behaviours», 656–63.

340

Betty Friedan, «The Feminine Mystique», (New York: W. W. Norton, 1963).

341

Augustine J. Kposowa, «Marital Status and Suicide in the National Longitudinal Mortality Study», «Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health» 54, ¹ 4 (2000): 254–61, doi:10.1136/jech.54.4.254.

342

Michael Weitzman, David G. Rosenthal, and Ying-Hua Liu, «Paternal Depressive Symptoms and Child Behavioral or Emotional Problems in the United States», «Pediatrics» 128, ¹ 6 (íîÿáðü 2011): 1126–34, doi:10.1016/j.yped.2012.04.001.

343

K. Alison Clarke-Stewart and Craig Hayward, «Advantages of Father Custody and Contact for the Psychological Well-Being of School-Age Children», «Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology» 17, ¹ 2 (àïðåëü-èþíü, 1996): 239–70, doi:10.1016/S0193-3973 (96)90027-1.

344

Douglas B. Downey and Brian Powell, «Do Children in Single-Parent Households Fare Better Living with Same-Sex Parent?» «Journal of Marriage and the Family» 55, ¹ 1 (ôåâðàëü 1993): 55–71, doi:10.2307/352959.

345

Ïñèõîëîãè÷åñêîå çäîðîâüå îöåíèâàëîñü ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì òåñòîâ íà ñàìîîöåíêó, àäàïòàöèþ â îáùåñòâå, íàñòðîåíèå è îòñóòñòâèå äåïðåññèè. Clarke-Stewart and Hayward, «Advantages of Father», 257–58 (â òîì ÷èñëå table 4).

346

Mary Jo Coiro, Nicholas Zill, and Barbara Bloom, «Health of Our Nation’s Children», US Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, «Vital and Health Statistics», series 10, ¹ 191, äåêàáðü 1994 ã.

347

Richard A. Warshak, «Father Custody and Child Development: A Review and Analysis of Psychological Research», «Behavioral Sciences & the Law» 4, ¹ 2 (1986): 190.

348

Ñì. Warren Farrell, «Why Men Earn More: The Startling Truth Behind the Pay Gap – and What Women Can Do About It» (New York: AMACOM, 2005), à òàêæå «US Census Bureau’s Survey of Income and Program Participation», 2001 Panel, Wave 2. Òî÷íîå ìåäèàííîå çíà÷åíèå ãîäîâûõ äîõîäîâ ó æåíùèí â ÑØÀ ñîñòàâëÿåò 46 896 äîëëàðîâ, à ó ìóæ÷èí 39 996. Ñàìûå ñâåæèå äàííûå îòíîñÿòñÿ ê 2004 ãîäó.

349

Ñì. Farrell, «Why Men Earn More».

350

Ñì. Farrell, «Why Men Earn More».

351

Robert M. Sapolsky, «Behave» (New York: Penguin Press, 2017). Ñì. îáñóæäåíèå èññëåäîâàíèÿ, ïîêàçàâøåãî, ÷òî òþðåìíûå íàäçèðàòåëè ïðåäëàãàëè óñëîâíî-äîñðî÷íîå îñâîáîæäåíèå â 60 % ñëó÷àåâ ñðàçó ïîñëå îáåäà è íèêîãäà (0 %) – íåïîñðåäñòâåííî ïåðåä îáåäîì.

352

Michael Alison Chandler, «On This List of the 50 Best Places to Work for New Dads, Netflix Leads the Pack», «Washington Post», 2 ìàÿ 2017 ã., https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/inspiredlife/wp/2017/05/02/theres-a-new-best-places-to-work-list-this-time-its-for-dads/?utm_term=.cadeea5abf99.

353

Brigid Schulte, «Don’t Call them Mr. Mom: More Dads at Home with Kids Because They Want to Be», «Washington Post», 5 èþíÿ 2014 ã., https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/parenting/wp/2014/06/05/dads-who-stay-home-because-they-want-to-has-increased-four-fold/?utm_term=.7add28aecae0.

354

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356

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357

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358

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364

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467

Ðå÷ü èäåò î ÂÂÏ ïåðèôåðèéíûõ ñòðàí Åâðîçîíû. Ñòàòèñòèêà îõâàòûâàåò âñå âîçðàñòíûå ãðóïïû, òî åñòü ñâûøå øåñòè òûñÿ÷ ñëó÷àåâ ñàìîóáèéñòâ çà ïåðèîä 2011–2012 ãã. University of Portsmouth, «Male Suicide on Rise as Result of Austerity, Report Suggests», ScienceDaily, 16 îêòÿáðÿ 2015 ã., http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/10/151006085437.htm.

468

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469

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470

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471

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472

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473

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474

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475

Ëè÷íàÿ ïåðåïèñêà ìåæäó Òîìîì Ãîëäåíîì, àâòîðîì êíèãè «Êàê èñöåëÿþòñÿ ìóæ÷èíû» (Tom Golden, «The Way Men Heal», G. H. Publishing, 2013), è Ýëèçàáåò Êëàðê, çàíèìàâøåé òîãäà ïîñò èñïîëíèòåëüíîãî äèðåêòîðà Íàöèîíàëüíîé àññîöèàöèè ñîöèàëüíûõ ðàáîòíèêîâ, 2009 ãîä.

476

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477

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478

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479

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480

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481

Ñì. mankindproject.org è boystomen.org; ñì. òàêæå Bill Kauth, «A Circle of Men» (Silverlight Publishing, 2015) è Warren Farrell, «The Liberated Man» (New York: Berkely, 1993).

482

Ñì. mensshed.org. Îêîëî 900 ãðóïï â Àâñòðàëèè, Àíãëèè, Èðëàíäèè, Ôèíëÿíäèè è Ãðåöèè.

483

Ïî ìàòåðèàëàì ëè÷íîé ïåðåïèñêè ñ äîêòîðîì Âàíåññîé Äàíí, 19 íîÿáðÿ 2016 ã.

484

Janet Kemp and Robert Bossarte, «Suicide Data Report, 2012» (Department of Veterans Affairs, Mental Health Services, Suicide Prevention Program, 2012), p. 18, fig. 3, «Estimated Number of Veteran Suicides per Day by Year», https://www.va.gov/opa/docs/suicide-data-report-2012-final.pdf; ñì. òàêæå ñòð. 35–36.

485

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488

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489

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490

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491

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492

Çà ôðàçó î ñòàíäàðòèçèðîâàííîé äåòàëè ñïàñèáî Íèêèòå Êóëîìáå (â áåñåäå 28 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2017 ã.).

493

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495

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499

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500

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501

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502

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503

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505

Honig, «Modifiable Lifestyle Issues», 20–22.

506

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507

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509

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510

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520

Ñòàòüÿ 92.1 çàêîíà î äîñòóïíîì çäðàâîîõðàíåíèè ãëàñèò, ÷òî çàïðåùàåòñÿ äèñêðèìèíàöèÿ ïî ðàñîâîé ïðèíàäëåæíîñòè, öâåòó êîæè, íàöèîíàëüíîñòè, ïîëó, âîçðàñòó è èíâàëèäíîñòè.

521

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524

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Laurie McGinley, «Cancer Death Rate Has Dropped Again. But It’s Still Higher for Men than Women», «Washington Post», 5 ÿíâàðÿ 2017 ã. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2017/01/05/cancer-death-rate-drops-25-percent-from-1991-peak-still-higher-for-men-than-women/?utm_term=.d45a17fdc013.

526

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527

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528

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529

Ñì. M. S. Fiebert, «References Examining Assaults by Women on Their Spouses or Male Partners: An Updated Annotated Bibliography», «Sexuality & Culture» 18, ¹ 2 (Èþíü 2014): 405–67, doi:10.1007/s12119-013-9194–1. Ãëóáèííûå ïðè÷èíû òîãî, ïî÷åìó äîìàøíåå íàñèëèå – ïàëêà î äâóõ êîíöàõ, è ñïîñîáû åãî ïðîôèëàêòèêè èçëîæåíû â êíèãå Warren Farrell, «Women Can’t Hear What Men Don’t Say» (New York: Berkely, 1999).

530

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533

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536

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537

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538

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Eric Konofal, Michel Lecendreux, Juliette Deron, Martine Marchand, Samuele Cortese, Samuele Mohammed Zaïm, Marie Christine Mouren, Isabelle Arnulf, «Effects of Iron Supplementation on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children», «Pediatric neurology» (ÿíâàðü 2008), 38. 20–6. 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2007.08.014.

777

Erica L. Unger et al., «Dopamine D2 Receptor Expression Is Altered by Changes in Cellular Iron Levels in PC12 Cells and Rat Brain Tissue», «Journal of Nutrition» 138, ¹ 12 (2008): 2487–2494, doi:10.3945/jn.108.095224.

778

E. Konofal et al., «Iron Deficiency in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder», «Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine» 158, ¹ 12 (2004): 1113–15, doi:10.1001/ archpedi.158.12.1113.

779

K. Dodig-Curković et al., «The Role of Zinc in the Treatment of Hyperactivity Disorder in Children», «Acta Medica Croatica» 63, ¹ 4 (2009), 307–13, pmid: 20034331.

780

L. Eugene Arnold, «Zinc for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Pilot Trial Alone and Combined with Amphetamine», «Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology» 21, ¹ 1 (Ôåâðàëü 2011): 1–19, doi:10.1089/cap.2010.0073.

781

L. Eugene Arnold and Robert A. Disilvestro, «Zinc in Attention-Deficit//Hyperactivity Disorder», «Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology» 15, ¹ 4 (2005): 619–27, doi:10.1089/cap.2005.15.619.

782

Peter Lepping and Markus Huber, «Role of Zinc in the Pathogenesis of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder», «CNS Drugs» 24, ¹ 9 (2010): 721–28, doi:10.2165/11537610-000000000-00000.

783

Punita Bhalla, Vijayta Dani Chadha, and D. K. Dhawan, «Effectiveness of Zinc in Modulating Lithium Induced Biochemical and Behavioral Changes in Rat Brain», «Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology» 27, ¹ 5 (2007): 595–607, doi:10.1007/s10571-007-9146-0.

784

Ñìåñü ìîæíî êóïèòü íà ñàéòå www.marsvenus.com/p/super-foods-shake-for-men.

785

Èõ ìîæíî êóïèòü íà ñàéòå www.marsvenus.com/p/super-minerals-for-men.

786

Ewen Callaway, «Star Students, Beware Bipolar Disorder», «New Scientist», 3 ôåâðàëÿ 2010 ã., https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn18462-star-students-beware-bipolar-disorder.

787

Jonathan V. Wright, «Lithium: The Misunderstood Mineral, Part 1», http://www.afibbers.org/forum/read.php?9,5979,5979#msg-5979; G. J. Moore, «Lithium-Induced Increase in Human Brain Grey Matter», «Lancet» 356, ¹ 9237 (2000): 1241–42, pmid:11072948; Shu-Sen Cui et al., «Prevention of Cannabinoid Withdrawal Syndrome by Lithium: Involvement of Oxytocinergic Neuronal Activation», «Journal of Neuroscience» 21, ¹ 24 (2001): 9867–76, pmid:11739594; Hashimoto R. et al., «Lithium Induces Brain-Derived NeuroTrophic Factor and Activates TrkB in Rodent Cortical Neurons», «Neuropharmacology» 43, ¹ 7 (Äåêàáðü 2002): 1173–79, pmid: 12504924; Alan E. Lewis, «Lithium: Under-appreciated Brain Nutrient & Protector», Pacific BioLogic, 1 ìàÿ 2009 ã., https://www.pacificbiologic.com/sites/default/files/Lithium%20article.pdf.

788

E. J. Scharman, «Methods Used to Decrease Lithium Absorption or Enhance Elimination», «Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology» 35, ¹ 6 (1997): 601–608, pmid: 9365427.

789

Anna Fels, «Should We All Take a Bit of Lithium?» «New York Times», 13 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2014 ã., https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/14/opinion/sunday/should-we-all-take-a-bit-of-lithium.html.

790

James Phelps, «Lithium for Alzheimer Prevention: What Are We Waiting For?» «Psychiatric Times», 7 îêòÿáðÿ 2016 ã., http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/psychopharmacology/lithium-alzheimer-prevention-what-are-we-waiting.

791

John Gray, «ADHD | ADD: Part 1 – Understanding Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder», «Mars Venus» (áëîã), «Health Advice», 28 íîÿáðÿ 2012 ã., https://www.marsvenus.com/blog/john-gray/adhd-add-part-1-understanding-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder.

792

Ìåòîä «Altered Mindsets» ïðåäïîëàãàåò ñîçäàíèå «áåñêîíôëèêòíîé çîíû» è ðàçðåøåíèå âñåõ êîíôëèêòîâ ëèøü â äâóõ÷àñîâîé ïåðèîä «ëþáâè è îòêðîâåííîñòè», êîòîðîå íà÷èíàåòñÿ ñ øåñòè óïðàæíåíèé äëÿ âðåìåííîãî èçìåíåíèÿ íàøèõ ïðèðîäíûõ óñòàíîâîê íà îáèäó, êîòîðûå ïîçâîëÿþò ýìîöèîíàëüíî àññîöèèðîâàòü êðèòèêó ñ âîçìîæíîñòüþ îùóòèòü ñåáÿ ëþáèìûìè. Îá ýòîì ìåòîäå ðàññêàçàíî â ìîåé êíèãå W. Farrell, «Women Can’t Hear What Men Don’t Say» (New York: Berkely, 1999), à íà ñåìèíàðàõ äëÿ ñåìåéíûõ ïàð ìîæíî ïîçíàêîìèòüñÿ ñ åãî áîëåå íîâîé è óñîâåðøåíñòâîâàííîé âåðñèåé. Ñì. http://warrenfarrell.com/where-warren-will-be.

793

Norval Glenn and Barbara Dafoe Whitehead, «MAMA SAYS: A National Survey of Mothers’ Attitudes on Fathering» (National Fatherhood Initiative, îêòÿáðü 2009), http://www.fatherhood.org/mama-says-survey.

794

Colter Mitchell et al., «Father Loss and Child Telomere Length», «Pediatrics» (èþëü, 2017): e20163245, doi:10.1542/peds.2016–3245.

795

Mitchell et al., «Father Loss».

796

Robert Bauserman, «Child Adjustment in Joint-Custody Versus Sole-Custody Arrangements: A Meta-analytic Review», «Journal of Family Psychology» 16, ¹ 1 (2002): 91–102, öèò. ïî William V. Fabricius et al., «Custody and Parenting Time: Links to Family Relationships and Well-Being After Divorce», â ñá. «The Role of the Father in Child Development», 5th ed., ed. Michael E. Lamb (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2010); E. G. Pojman, «Emotional Adjustment of Boys in Sole Custody and Joint Custody Compared with Adjustment of Boys in Happy and Unhappy Marriages» (PhD diss., California Graduate Institute, Los Angeles, 1982); D. A. Luepnitz, «Maternal, Paternal, and Joint Custody: A Study of Families After Divorce» (äîêòîðñêàÿ äèññåðòàöèÿ, Óíèâåðñèòåò øòàòà Íüþ-Éîðê â Áàôôàëî, 1980); B. Jablonska and L. Lindberg, «Risk Behaviours, Victimisation and Mental Distress Among Adolescents in Different Family Structures», «Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology» 42, ¹ 8 (Àâãóñò 2007): 656–63, doi:10.1007/s00127-007-0210-3.

797

Ýòà íåéðîííàÿ ñåòü ñâÿçûâàåò îòäåëû ìîçãà, êîòîðûå ïðèïèñûâàþò òåì èëè èíûì ïåðåæèâàíèÿì ýìîöèîíàëüíóþ çíà÷èìîñòü (ìèíäàëåâèäíîå òåëî, íèæíþþ ëîáíóþ èçâèëèíó, îñòðîâêîâóþ îáëàñòü, âåíòðàëüíóþ îáëàñòü ïîêðûøêè), à òàêæå îáëàñòè, êîòîðûå ïîìîãàþò íàì ðàñïîçíàâàòü ïîòðåáíîñòè, íàìåðåíèÿ è äóøåâíîå ñîñòîÿíèå äðóãèõ ëþäåé (âåíòðîìåäèàëüíàÿ ïðåôðîíòàëüíàÿ êîðà, âèñî÷íàÿ âåðõíÿÿ áîðîçäà). Ñì. Eyal Abraham et al., «Father’s Brain Is Sensitive to Childcare Experiences», «Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences» 111, ¹ 27 (2014): 9792–97, doi:10.1073/pnas.1402569111. Îïèñàíèå íåéðîííîé ñåòè âçÿòî èç ñòàòüè Melissa Healy, «Caring for a Baby Changes a Man’s Brain, Study Shows», «Los Angeles Times», 28 ìàÿ 2014 ã., http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-snmen-parenting-mom-brain-20140527-story.html.

798

Kyle D. Pruett, «The Nurturing Male: A Longitudinal Study of Primary Nurturing Fathers», â êí. «Fathers and Their Families», ed. Stanley H. Cath, Alan Gurwitt, and Linda Gunsberg (Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press, 1989), 390.

799

Colter Mitchell et al., «Father Loss and Child Telomere Length», «Pediatrics» (Èþëü, 2017): e20163245, doi:10.1542/peds.2016-3245.

800

Mitchell et al., «Father Loss».

801

Tara Kangarlou, «Imprisoned IS Members Open Up to Lebanese Social Workers, «AL – Monitor», 10 ìàðòà 2015 ã., http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2015/03/terrorism-social-work-jihadist-profile-roumieh-prison.html.

802

Mogens Nygaard Christoffersen, «An Investigation of Fathers with 3–5-Year-Old Children» (äîêëàä íà êîíôåðåíöèè «Ministerratskonferenz» ïîä ýãèäîé Èíñòèòóòà ñîöèàëüíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé, Øâåöèÿ, Ñòîêãîëüì, 27–28 àïðåëÿ 1995 ã.).

803

Rachel Levy-Shiff et al., «Fathers’ Hospital Visits to their Preterm Infants as a Predictor of Father-Infant Relationship and Infant Development», «Pediatrics» 86, ¹ 2 (1990): 291–92. (Àâòîðû ðàáîòàþò â Óíèâåðñèòåòå èìåíè Áàð-Èëàíà è â áîëüíèöå Êàïëàí â Èçðàèëå).

804

Bryce J. Christensen, «America’s Academic Dilemma: The Family and the Schools», «Family in America» 2, ¹ 6, (Èþíü 1988); öèò. ïî Nicholas Davidson, «Life Without Father: America’s Greatest Social Catastrophe», «Policy Review» (Çèìà 1990): 41.

805

Åäèíñòâåííûé ôàêòîð, êîòîðûé îêàçàëñÿ âàæíåå îòöîâñêîãî ó÷àñòèÿ, – ýòî âîçðàñò ðåáåíêà. Robert H. Coombs and John Landsverk, «Parenting Styles and Substance Use During Childhood and Adolescence», «Journal of Marriage and the Family» 50 (Ìàé 1988): 479, table 4. Îöåíèâàëèñü âîçðàñò ðåáåíêà, ïîë, ýòíè÷åñêàÿ è êëàññîâàÿ ïðèíàäëåæíîñòü, áëèçîñòü ñ ðîäèòåëÿìè, äîâåðèå ê ðîäèòåëÿì, ñòðîãîñòü ðîäèòåëüñêèõ ïðàâèë è ïð. Ñðåäè ìîëîäåæè èç ýòîé âûáîðêè âîçðàñò îïðåäåëÿë îêîëî 17 % âàðèàöèé ïî íàðêîìàíèè, õîðîøèå îòíîøåíèÿ (áëèçîñòü) ñ îòöîì – îêîëî 10 %, à âñå îñòàëüíûå ôàêòîðû – íå áîëåå 2 %.

806

Henry Biller, «Paternal Deprivation: Family, School, Sexuality, and Society» (Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1974).

807

Carmen Noevi Velez and Patricia Cohen, «Suicidal Behavior and Ideation in a Community Sample of Children: Maternal and Youth Reports», «Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry» 273 (1988): 349–56.

808

Daniel Paquette, University of Montreal, öèò. ïî Sue Shellenbarger, «Roughhousing Lessons from Dad: Fathers Teach Risk-Taking, Boundary-Setting; Learning From ‘Sock Wrestling,’» «Wall Street Journal», 11 èþíÿ 2014 ã., https://www.wsj.com/articles/roughhousing-lessons-from-dad-1402444262; Pruett, «Nurturing Male», 390.

809

Frank A. Pedersen, Judith L. Rubenstein, and Leon J. Yarrow, «Infant Development in Father-Absent Families», «Journal of Genetic Psychology» 135 (Ñåíòÿáðü 1979): 55–57, doi:10.1080/00221325.1979.10533416.

810

Kristin Berg Nordahl, «Early Father-Child Interaction in a Father-Friendly Context», (PhD thesis, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway, 2014). Êðèñòèí Áåðã Íîðäàëü ðàáîòàåò â Íîðâåæñêîì öåíòðå ïîâåäåí÷åñêîãî ðàçâèòèÿ äåòåé â Îñëî.

811

R. Dalton et al., «Psychiatric Hospitalization of Pre-school Children: Admission Factors and Discharge Implications», «Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry» 26, ¹ 3 (Ìàé 1987): 308–12.

812

H. S. Merskey and G. T. Swart, «Family Background and Physical Health of Adolescents Admitted to an In-Patient Psychiatric Unit, I: Principle Caregivers», «Canadian Journal of Psychiatry» 34, ¹ 2 (1989): 79–83.

813

Nicholas Davidson, «Life Without Father: America’s Greatest Social Catastrophe», «Policy Review» 51 (Çèìà, 1990): 42.

814

Richard Koestner, C. Franz, and J. Weinberger, «The Family Origins of Empathic Concern: A Twenty-Six-Year Longitudinal Study», «Journal of Personality and Social Psychology» 58, ¹ 4 (àïðåëü 1990): 709–17.

815

Martin Deutsch and Bert Brown, «Social Influences in Negro-White Intelligence Differences», «Journal of Social Issues» 20, ¹ 2 (1964): 29.

816

Mary Main and Donna R. Weston, «The Quality of the Toddler’s Relationship to Mother and to Father: Related to Conflict Behavior and the Readiness to Establish New Relationships», «Child Development» 52, ¹ 3 (1981): 932–40, doi:10.2307/1129097.

817

Pedersen, Rubenstein, and Yarrow, «Infant Development».

818

N. Radin, «The Role of the Father in Cognitive, Academic, and Intellectual Development», â ñá. «The Role of the Father in Child Development», ed. M. E. Lamb (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1981), 379–427; N. Radin, «The Influence of Fathers on Their Sons and Daughters», «Social Work in Education» 8 (1986): 77–91; N. Radin and G. Russell, «Increased Paternal Participation and Childhood Outcomes», â êí. «Fatherhood and Family Policy», ed. M. E. Lamb and A. Sagi (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1983), 191–218.

819

APA, «Who Is Likely to Become a Bully, Victim or Both?» EurekaAlert! 8 èþëÿ 2010 ã., http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2010-07/apa-wil070810.php; John W. Santrock and Richard A. Warshak, «The Impact of Divorce in Father-Custody and Mother-Custody Homes: The Child’s Perspective», â ñá. «Children and Divorce», ed. L. A. Kurdek (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1983); Pruett, «Nurturing Male», 390.

820

Jablonska and Lindberg, «Risk Behaviours», 656–63. Èññëåäîâàíèå îõâàòèëî 12 582 ïÿòíàäöàòèëåòíèõ ïîäðîñòêîâ.

821

Margaret Crosbie-Burnett, «Impact of Joint vs. Sole Custody and Quality of Co-parental Relationship on Adjustment of Adolescents in Remarried Families», «Behavioral Sciences & the Law» 9, ¹ 4 (Îñåíü 1991): 439–49, doi:10.1002/bsl.2370090407.

822

 ÑØÀ òåðìèí «ñîâìåñòíàÿ îïåêà íàä íåñîâåðøåííîëåòíèìè äåòüìè» íå îáÿçàòåëüíî ïðåäïîëàãàåò, ÷òî îòåö è ìàòü ïðîâîäÿò ñ ðåáåíêîì ïîðîâíó âðåìåíè, ýòî îçíà÷àåò ëèøü, ÷òî îíè ñîâìåñòíî ïðèíèìàþò âàæíûå ðåøåíèÿ, êàñàþùèåñÿ ñóäüáû ðåáåíêà. À â Øâåöèè ñîâìåñòíàÿ îïåêà ïîäðàçóìåâàåò è ïðèáëèçèòåëüíî ðàâíîå ðàñïðåäåëåíèå âðåìåíè. M. Bergström et al., «Living in Two Homes: a Swedish National Survey of Wellbeing in 12 and 15 Year Olds with Joint Physical Custody», «BMC Public Health», 13 (Ñåíòÿáðü 2013): 868.

823

E. B. Karp, «Children’s Adjustment in Joint and Single Custody: An Empirical Study» (äèññåðòàöèÿ, California School of Professional Psychology, Berkeley, CA, 1982).

824

Kathryn Harker Tillman, «Family Structure Pathways and Academic Disadvantage Among Adolescents in Stepfamilies», «Sociological Inquiry» 77, ¹ 3 (2007): 383–424, doi:10.1111/j.1475- 682X.2007.00198.x.

825

Nan Marie Astone and Sara S. McLanahan, «Family Structure, Residential Mobility, and School Dropout: A Research Note», «Demography» 31, ¹ 4 (Íîÿáðü 1994): 575–83.

826

E. M. Hetherington, M. Cox, and R. Cox, «Effects of Divorce on Parents and Children», â ñá. «Non-traditional Families», ed. M. Lamb (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1982), 233–88; Judith Wallerstein and Joan B. Kelly, «Surviving the Breakup» (NY: Basic Books, 1980); Santrock and Warshak, «Impact of Divorce».

827

Sara McLanahan and Gary Sandefur, «Growing Up with a Single Parent», (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997); ýòî ïîäòâåðæäàþò è äàííûå ÷åòûðåõ èññëåäîâàíèé – «National Longitudinal Survey of Youth», «Panel Study of Income Dynamics», «High School and Beyond Study», «National Survey of Families and Households».  õîäå ýòèõ èññëåäîâàíèé ó÷èòûâàëèñü ñàìûå ðàçíûå ñîöèàëüíî-ýêîíîìè÷åñêèå ïåðåìåííûå: ðàñîâàÿ ïðèíàäëåæíîñòü, îáðàçîâàíèå ìàòåðè, îáðàçîâàíèå îòöà, äîõîä, êîëè÷åñòâî äåòåé â ñåìüå, ìåñòî æèòåëüñòâà è äðóãèå ðàçëè÷èÿ. Ñì. òàêæå Sara McLanahan, Laura Tach, and Daniel Schneider, «The Causal Effects of Father Absence», «Annual Review of Sociology» 39 (2013): 399–427, doi:10.1146/annurevsoc-071312-145704).

828

Edward Kruk, «The Vital Importance of Paternal Presence in Children’s Lives», «Psychology Today», 23 ìàÿ 2012 ã., https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/co-parenting-after-divorce/201205/father-absence-father-deficit-father-hunger; Sheila Fitzgerald Krein and A. Beller, «Educational Attainment of Children from Single-Parent Families: Differences by Exposure, Gender, and Race», Demography, Vol. 25, Ìàé 1988, pp. 403–426.

829

David Autor, et al., «Family Disadvantage and the Gender Gap in Behavioral and Educational Outcomes», National Bureau of Economic Research, Ìàé 2016: «Ñðåäè ìîëîäûõ ëþäåé èç ñåìåé, ãäå ðîäèòåëè æåíàòû, çàíÿòîñòü ó ìóæ÷èí âûøå, ÷åì ó æåíùèí, ïðè ëþáîì óðîâíå äîõîäà; ñðåäè ìîëîäûõ ëþäåé èç ñåìåé, ãäå ðîäèòåëè íå æåíàòû, çàíÿòîñòü ó ìóæ÷èí â âîçðàñòå 30 ëåò âñåãäà ìåíüøå, ÷åì ó æåíùèí».

830

Kruk, «Vital Importance of Paternal Presence».

831

Richard V. Reeves, «Saving Horatio Alger: Equality, Opportunity, and the American Dream», Brookings Institution, Brookings Essay, 20 àâãóñòà 2014 ã., http://www.brookings.edu/research/essays/2014/saving-horatio-alger; Frank F. Furstenberg Jr. and Kathleen Mullan Harris, «When and Why Fathers Matter: Impacts of Father Involvement on the Children of Adolescent Mothers», â êí. «Young Unwed Fathers: Changing Roles and Emerging Policies», ed. Robert I. Lerman and Theodora J. Ooms (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1993), 127, 130. Ýòà ÷àñòü èññëåäîâàíèÿ îõâàòèëà âûáîðêó èç 253 äåòåé. Ó 15 % ñûíîâåé ìàòåðåé-ïîäðîñòêîâ, æèâøèõ â ãîðîäå, ê 19 ãîäàì áûëè ñîáñòâåííûå äåòè, îäíàêî ñðåäè íèõ íå áûëî íè îäíîãî þíîøè, ïîääåðæèâàâøåãî áëèçêèå îòíîøåíèÿ ñ ðîäíûì îòöîì; George A. Akerlof and Janet L. Yellen, «An Analysis of Out-of-Wedlock Births in the U.S»., Brookings Institution, îò÷åò, 1 àâãóñòà 1996 ã., https://www.brookings.edu/research/an-analysis-of-out-of-wedlock-births-in-the-united-states/; Sara McLanahan and Christopher Jecks, «Was Moynihan Right?» «Education Next» 15, ¹ 2 (Âåñíà 2015): http://educationnext.org/was-moynihan-right (ïî äàííûì National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System); Marianne Bertrand and Jessica Pan, «The Trouble with Boys: Social Influences and the Gender Gap in Disruptive Behavior», «American Economic Journal: Applied Economics» 5, ¹ 1 (2013): 32–64, doi: 10.1257/app.5.1.32.

832

Jablonska and Lindberg, «Risk Behaviours», 656–63.

833

Christoffersen, «Investigation of Fathers», chart 3.

834

D. A. Luepnitz, Child Custody (Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath, 1982), 112 ff125.

835

E. M. Hetherington, «Divorce: A Child’s Perspective», «American Psychologist» 34, ¹ 10 (1979): 831–58; Richard A. Warshak, «Father Custody and Child Development: A Review and Analysis of Psychological Research», «Behavioral Sciences & the Law» 4, ¹ 2 (1986): 190.

836

Mary Jo Coiro, Nicholas Zill, and Barbara Bloom, «Health of Our Nation’s Children», US Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, «Vital and Health Statistics», series 10, ¹ 191, Äåêàáðü 1994. Èññëåäîâàíèå îõâàòèëî âûáîðêó èç áîëåå ÷åì 122 000 ÷åëîâåê, â òîì ÷èñëå áîëåå 17 000 äåòåé (table 16, p. 49). Íåðåãóëÿðíî èëè ïîçäíî ëîæèëèñü ñïàòü 9 % äåòåé, æèâóùèõ ñ ðîäíûìè îòöàìè, è 33 % äåòåé, æèâóùèõ ñ ðîäíûìè ìàòåðÿìè.

837

Pruett, «Nurturing Male», 390. Èññëåäîâàíèå îõâàòèëî 1200 äåòåé îò 3 äî 5 ëåò.

838

Coiro, Zill, and Bloom, «Health of Our Nation’s Children».

839

Coiro, Zill, and Bloom, «Health of Our Nation’s Children», table 13, p. 43.

840

Malin Bergström, «Mental Health and Wellbeing in Children in Shared Parenting and Other Living Arrangements» (ïðåçåíòàöèÿ, Center for Health Equity Studies, Sweden, Îêòÿáðü 2014), http://www.divorcecorp.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Mental-Health-Wellbeing-in-Different-Living-Arrangements_Malin-Bergstrom.pdf. Èññëåäîâàíèå îõâàòèëî 1,444 äåòåé ñ ðîæäåíèÿ äî 18 ëåò.

841

Glynnis Walker, «Solomon’s Children» (New York: Arbor House, 1986), 27, 84–85.

842

K. Alison Clarke-Stewart and Craig Hayward, «Advantages of Father Custody and Contact for the Psychological Well-Being of School-Age Children», «Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology» 17, ¹ 2 (àïðåëü – èþíü 1996): 239–70, doi:10.1016/S0193-3973 (96)90027–1.

843

Christoffersen, «Investigation of Fathers», chart 4, «Psychosomatic Symptoms and Select Background Situations of the Parents».

844

Allan N. Schore, «All Our Sons: The Developmental Neurobiology and Neuroendocrinology of Boys at Risk», «Infant Mental Health Journal» 38, ¹ 1 (2017): 15–52, doi:10.1002/imhj.21616; Shellenbarger, «Roughhousing Lessons from Dad».

845

University of Chicago «Becoming a Man», Crime Lab, 2012, https://urbanlabs.uchicago.edu/projects/becoming-a-man.

846

Luepnitz, «Child Custody»; öèò. ïî Richard A. Warshak, «Father Custody and Child Development», 192.

847

US Department of Justice, «What Can the Federal Government Do to Decrease Crime and Revitalize Communities?» Panel Papers, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice, 1998, 11, https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles/172210.pdf.

848

Heather A. Turner, «The Effect of Lifetime Victimization on the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents», «Social Science & Medicine» 62, ¹ 1 (ÿíâàðü 2006): 13–27.

849

Èññëåäîâàíèå ïî äàííûì National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health; ñì. Chris Knoester and Dana L. Haynie, «Community Context, Social Integration into Family, and Youth Violence», «Journal of Marriage and Family» 67, ¹ 3 (2005): 767–80, doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2005.00168.x.

850

US Department of Justice, «What Can the Federal Government Do to Decrease Crime and Revitalize Communities?» Panel Papers, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice, 1998, 11, https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles/172210.pdf.

851

Cynthia C. Harper and Sara S. McLanahan, «Father Absence and Youth Incarceration», «Journal of Research on Adolescence» 14, ¹ 3 (Ñåíòÿáðü 2004): 369–97, doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2004.00079.x.

852

Harper and McLanahan, «Father Absence and Youth Incarceration».

853

Ñ ïîïðàâêîé íà ñåìåéíóþ èñòîðèþ ãèïåðòåíçèè, îæèðåíèå, âîçðàñò, çàíÿòîñòü, êóðåíèå, äèàáåò è ïð. Ñì. Todd Neale, «Two-Parent Homes Foster Lower BP in Black Males», «MedPage Today», 2 äåêàáðÿ 2013 ã., https://www.medpagetoday.com/cardiology/hypertension/43212.

854

Frank Furstenberg, «Destinies of the Disadvantaged: The Politics of Teen Childbearing» (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2007), 63.

855

George Radanovich, «The Last Trump Card for Conservatives: Helping the Fatherless Child», «The Hill», 21 äåêàáðÿ 2012 ã.

856

Elizabeth Marquardt et al., «My Daddy’s Name is Donor», (äîêëàä, Institute for American Values, New York, 2010), http://americanvalues.org/catalog/pdfs/Donor_FINAL.pdf.

857

Marquardt et al., «Daddy’s Name is Donor».

858

Marquardt et al., «Daddy’s Name is Donor».

859

Douglas A. Smith and G. Roger Jarjoura, «Social Structure and Criminal Victimization», «Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency» 25, ¹ 1 (Ôåâðàëü 1988): 27–52; Clarke-Stewart and Hayward, «Advantages of Father».

860

Raymond A. Knight and Robert A. Prentky, «The Developmental Antecedents of Adult Adaptions of Rapist Subtypes», «Criminal Justice and Behavior» 14, ¹ 4 (1987): 413–14, doi:10.1177/0093854887014004001. Íàéò è Ïðåíòêè íàçâàëè òàêóþ ÷åðòó íàñèëüíèêà «ñìåùåííûì ãíåâîì».

861

Jeremy Borden and Todd C. Frankel, «Dylann Roof’s Teenage Years Marked by Father’s Bitter Divorce», «Washington Post», 22 èþíÿ 2015 ã., https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/postnation/wp/2015/06/22/dylann-roofs-teenage-years-marked-by-fathers-bitter-divorce/?utm_term=.8747db60f456; Bradford Wilcox, «Sons of Divorce, School Shooters», http://www.aei.org/publication/sons-of-divorce-school-shooters/.

862

Francis Ianni, «The Search for Structure» (New York: Free Press, 1989).

863

Turner, «Effect of Lifetime Victimization».

864

Turner, «Effect of Lifetime Victimization».

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John Gray (born 1951 in Houston, Texas) is an American relationship counselor, lecturer and author. He has written sixteen books on relationships and personal growth, including his 1992 book Men Are from Mars, Women Are from Venus.
Äæîí Ãðýé - àâòîð ìíîãèõ êíèã, ïîñâÿùåííûõ ïðîáëåìàì ïñèõîëîãèè îòíîøåíèé è âîïðîñàì èõ óëó÷øåíèÿ. Îáùèé òèðàæ êíèãè "Ìóæ÷èíû ñ Ìàðñà, æåíùèíû ñ Âåíåðû", âûøåäøåé â 1993 ãîäó è ïåðåâåäåííîé ïî÷òè íà 40 ÿçûêîâ, äîñòèã ïî÷òè 10 ìëí. ýêçåìïëÿðîâ.
Ïñèõîëîã Äæîí Ãðýé ïîëó÷èë ñòåïåíü äîêòîðà ôèëîñîôèè â Êîëóìáèéñêî-Òèõîîêåàíñêîì óíèâåðñèòåòå. Èçâåñòåí â...

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