1
Ýòà îðãàíèçàöèÿ â Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè çàïðåùåíà. – ïðèì. ïåðåâ.
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 àìåðèêàíñêèõ øêîëàõ íàèâûñøàÿ îöåíêà – À. – ïðèì. ïåðåâ.
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Åñëè âàø ñûí, ê ïðèìåðó, ìå÷òàåò ñòàòü àñòðîíàâòîì, ýòî íå îçíà÷àåò, ÷òî ó íåãî íèçêèé çäðàâûé èíòåëëåêò – ïðè óñëîâèè, ÷òî îí óâåðåí, ÷òî åãî æåëàíèå íå ñòàëî ðåçóëüòàòîì ñîöèàëüíîãî ñîáëàçíà.
1
Îòðûâîê èç êîíôåðåíöèè Êàíëèôôà https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KSQzTKcUda0&feature=em-share_video_user.
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Âñå ëè÷íûå èìåíà â êíèãå âûìûøëåíû àâòîðàìè: Óîððåíîì (Ââåäåíèå è ×àñòè I–V) è Äæîíîì (Çàêëþ÷åíèå, ÷àñòü VI).
3
Hanna Rosin, «The End of Men», (New York: Penguin, 2012), p. 13. Ñðåäè áóäóùèõ îòöîâ 42,6 % ïðåäïî÷ëè áû äî÷ü è ëèøü 23 % – ñûíà; ó îñòàëüíûõ ïðåäïî÷òåíèé íå áûëî.
4
Hanna Rosin, «The End of Men», p. 13.
5
Camila Domonoske, «For First Time In 130 Years, More Young Adults Live With Parents Than With Partners», NPR, 24 ìàÿ 2016 ã., http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/05/24/479327382/for-first-time-in-130-years-more-young-adultslive-with-parents-than-partners
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Richard Fry, «A Rising Share of Young Adults Live in Their Parents’ Home», Social & Demographic Trends, Pew Research Center, 1 àâãóñòà 2013 ã. http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2013/08/01/a-rising-share-of-young-adults-live-in-their-parents-home/
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Richard Fry, «For First Time in Modern Era, Living with Parents Edges Out Other Living Arrangements for 18- to 34-Year-Olds», http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2016/05/24/for-first-time-in-modern-era-living-with-parents-edges-out-other-living-arrangements-for-18-to-34-year-olds.
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Hanna Rosin, «The End of Men», «Atlantic», èþëü/àâãóñò 2010 ã. https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2010/07/the-end-of-men/308135
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Êíèãà Õàííû Ðîçèí – ÿðêèé ïðèìåð òîãî, ÷òî íà ñàìîì äåëå âîñïðèíèìàåò êóëüòóðà: íàçâàíèå, çàãîëîâîê, íî íå ñîäåðæàíèå. Ïîäàâëÿþùåå áîëüøèíñòâî òåõ, êòî âèäåë êíèãó «The End of Men» èëè ïðîñòî ñëûøàë î íåé, íå ïîíèìàþò, ÷òî ðå÷ü èäåò î êðàõå ïàòðèàðõàòà.
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http://whitehouseboysmen.com.
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Amy P. Cohen, Deborah Azrael, and Matthew Miller, «Rate of «Mass Shootings Has Tripled Since 211, Harvard Research Shows», «Mother Jones», 5 îêòÿáðÿ 2014 ã. https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2014/10/mass-shootings-increasing-harvard-research Amy P. Cohen, Deborah Azrael, and Matthew Miller, «Rate of «Mass Shootings Has Tripled Since 211, Harvard Research Shows», «Mother Jones», 5 îêòÿáðÿ 2014 ã. https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2014/10/mass-shootings-increasing-harvard-research
12
Anne Case and Angus Deaton, «Rising Morbidity and Mortality in Midlife Among White Non-Hispanic Americans in the 21st Century», «Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences» 112, no 49 (2015): 15078, doi:10.1073/pnas.1518393112.
13
Suicide Prevention Resource Center, «Rate of Suicide by Race/Ethnicity, United States 2000–2014» (ðàçäåë «Racial and Ethnic Disparities», ïî äàííûì WISQARS (Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System) Fatal Injury Reports, 1999–2014) http://www.sprc.org/racial-ethnic-disparities.
14
Federal Bureau of Investigation, «Crime in the United States: 2011», Expanded Homicide Data Table 1, https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2011/crime-in-the-u.s.-2011/tables/expanded-homicide-data-table-1.
15
University of Chicago, «Becoming a Man», Crime Lab, 2012. https://news.uchicago.edu/tag/becoming-man.
16
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 58, ¹ 1 (2009); WISQARS, 2010.
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), «Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report» 58, ¹ 1 (2009); WISQARS, 2010.
18
 1933 ãîäó êîëè÷åñòâî ñàìîóáèéñòâ ñðåäè þíîøåé è ìóæ÷èí â âîçðàñòå 15–24 ëåò áûëî â 1,54 ðàçà áîëüøå, ÷åì ñðåäè æåíùèí òîãî æå âîçðàñòà. Ñì. Mortality Statistics 1933, US Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1936). Ñâåäåíèÿ ïðåäîñòàâëåíû Äæåêîì Êàììåðîì.
19
American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, «Additional Facts About Suicide in the US», 2015. https://afsp.org/about-suicide/suicide-statistics
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Alan Zarembo, «Suicide Rate of Female Military Veterans Is Called ‘Staggering,’» «Los Angeles Times», 8 èþíÿ 2015 ã., http://latimes.com/nation/la-na-female-veteran-suicide-20150608-story.html. Íà êàæäûå 32,1 ñëó÷àÿ ñàìîóáèéñòâ ìóæ÷èí-âåòåðàíîâ ïðèõîäèòñÿ 28,7 ñëó÷àåâ ñàìîóáèéñòâ æåíùèí-âåòåðàíîâ.
21
Armen Keteyian, «Suicide Epidemic Among Veterans». CBS News, 13, íîÿáðÿ 2007 ã., http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/11/13/cbsnews_investigates/main3496471.shtml.
22
Jason Breslow, «New Report Slams ‘Unprecedented’ Growth in US Prisons», Frontline, PBS, 1 ìàÿ 2014 ã. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/new-report-slams-unprecedented-growth-in-us-prisons
23
J. Schmitt and K. Warner, «Ex-offenders and the Labor Market» (report, Center for Economic and Policy Research, Íîÿáðü 2010), p. 6, http://www.cepr.net/documents/publications/ex-offenders-2010-11.pdf
24
Office of Justice Programs’ Bureau of Justice Statistics, «Prisoners in 2013», https://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=pbdetail&iid=5109.
25
Ñîãëàñíî îöåíêå â äîêëàäå ÀÏÀ, òå èëè èíûå ïñèõîëîãè÷åñêèå èëè ïñèõèàòðè÷åñêèå ðàññòðîéñòâà íàáëþäàþòñÿ ó ïîëîâèíû çàêëþ÷åííûõ. Ñì. American Psychological Association, «Incarceration Nation», «Monitor on Psychology» 45, ¹ 9 (Îêòÿáðü 2014 ã.): 56, http://www.apa.org/monitor/2014/10/incarceration.aspx.
26
Breslow, «‘Unprecedented’ Growth in US Prisons».
27
Saki Knafo. «Prison-Industrial Complex? Maybe It’s Time for a Schools-Industrial Complex», «Huffington Post», 31 àâãóñòà 2013 ã., http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/08/30/california-prisons-schools_n_3839190.html.
28
Knafo, «Prison-Industrial Complex?»
29
American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, «Suicide Statistics», http://afsp.org/about-suicide/suicide-statistics
30
«Children’s Mental Health: New Report», CDC, 10 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2015 ã., http://web.archive.org/web/20150910003950/http://www.cdc.gov/features/childrensmentalhealth.
31
Ðýíäîëô Íåññå ïðîâåë èññëåäîâàíèå ðàííåé ñìåðòè â 20 ñòðàíàõ. Ïî åãî îöåíêàì, åñëè áû ìóæ÷èíû è æåíùèíû ðèñêîâàëè æèçíüþ îäèíàêîâî, ìîæíî áûëî áû ñïàñàòü 375 000 òûñÿ÷ æèçíåé â ãîä. Ñì. Betsy Mason, «Men Die Young – Even if Old», «New Scientist», 25 èþëÿ 2002 ã., https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn2586-men-die-young-even-if-old.
32
«Being a Man ‘Is Bad for Health’», BBC News, 24 èþëÿ 2002 ã., http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/2148573.stm. Ñì. òàêæå Mason, «Men Die Young».
33
Rémy Slama et al., «Epidemiology of Male Reproductive Function», «Revue d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique» 52 (2004), 221–42; öèò. ïî Leonard Sax, «Boys Adrift» (New York: Basic Books, 2007), p. 231.
34
S. Cabler et al., «Obesity: Modern Man’s Fertility Nemesis», «Asian Journal of Andrology» 12, ¹ 4 (2010): 480–89.
35
Ïî äàííûì National Center for Health Statistics, CDC, «National Vital Statistics Reports» 64, ¹ 2 (2016): table B, p. 5.
36
AFL–CIO, «Death on the Job: The Toll of Neglect», 2015. Ñì. http://www.aflcio.org/Issues/Job-Safety/Death-on-the-Job-Report.
37
US Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey, Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, 2015. Ïðèâåäåíû ïðåäâàðèòåëüíûå äàííûå íà 2014 ã. Ñì. http://www.bls.gov/iif/oshwc/cfoi/cfch0013.pdf.
38
Ñì. Warren Farrell, «The Death Professions: My Body, Not My Choice», â êí. «The Myth of Male Power» (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993).
39
AFL–CIO, «Death on the Job: The Toll of Neglect» (AFL–CIO, 2015), https://aflcio.org/sites/default/files/2017–03/DOTJ2015Finalnobug.pdf.
40
Allison Field et al, «Prospective Associations of Concerns About Physique and the Development of Obesity, Binge Drinking, and Drug Use Among Adolescent Boys and Young Adult Men». «JAMA Pediatrics» 168, ¹ 1 (2014): 34–39, https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/1766495.
41
Ashleigh May, CDC, «Obesity: United States, 1999–2010», «Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report» 62, ¹ 3 (2013): table 2, http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su6203a20.htm#Tab2.
42
William H. McMichael, «Most U. S. Youths Unfit to Serve, Data Show», «Army Times», 9 íîÿáðÿ 2009 ã.
43
Natalie Rahhal, «Daily Mail.com», 16 îêòÿáðÿ 2017 ã. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-4985856/Americans-fat-fight-crime-war-fires.html.
44
«Still Too Fat to Fight», «Mission: Readiness», 2012. https://www.strongnation.org/articles/16-still-too-fat-to-fight.
45
US Bureau of Labor Statistics, «Employed Persons by Detailed Occupation, Sex, Race, and Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity», Household Data, Annual Averages 2009, table 11, http://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsaat11.pdf.
46
Andrea Coombes, «Men Suffer Brunt of Job Losses in Recession», «Wall Street Journal», 16 èþëÿ 2009 ã., https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970203577304574272570149153010.
47
Heidi Hartmann, Elyse Shaw, and Elizabeth Pandya, «Women and Men in the Recovery: Where the Jobs Are» (briefing paper, «Institute for Women’s Policy Research», íîÿáðü 2013 ã., p. 12), https://iwpr.org/publications/women-and-men-in-the-recovery-where-the-jobs-are-womens-recovery-strengthens-in-year-four.
48
Jonathan Vanian, «In 10 Years, Artificial Intelligence Will Transform Trucking, Says Otto Exec», «Fortune», 27 ìàðòà 2017 ã. http://fortune.com/2017/03/27/uber-otto-artificial-intelligence-truck-driving/.
49
M. Greenstone and A. Looney, «Trends» (report), «Milken Institute», Èþëü 2011, p. 11, https://www.brookings.edu/research/trends-reduced-earnings-for-men-in-america
50
David Wessel, «Meet the Unemployable Man», «Wall Street Journal», 1 ìàÿ 2010 ã., https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703322204575226003417489846.
51
Belinda Luscombe. «Workplace Salaries: At Last, Women on Top», «Time», 1 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2010 ã., http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,2015274,00.html.
52
National Association of Realtors, «First-Time Buyers, Single Women Gain Traction in NAR’s 2016 Buyer and Seller Survey», National Association of Realtors, 31 îêòÿáðÿ 2016 ã., https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/first-time-buyers-single-women-gain-traction-in-nars-2016-buyer-and-seller-survey-300354031.html. Îäèíîêèå æåíùèíû ñîñòàâèëè 17 % ïîêóïàòåëåé æèëüÿ, à îäèíîêèå ìóæ÷èíû – 7 %.
53
Jeffrey Gentry, «Who Pays for the First Date? Survey Says Men Should», «USA Today», 25 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2014 ã.; îïðîñ ïðîâåäåí NerdWallet.com.
54
Gentry, «Who Pays for the First Date?»
55
David Mielach, «75 Percent of Women Say They Won’t Date Unemployed Men», «Business News Daily», 26 èþíÿ 2012 ã., http://www.businessnewsdaily.com/2753-dating-unemployed-men-women.html; îïðîñ 925 ÷åëîâåê, ïðîâåäåííûé ñëóæáîé çíàêîìñòâ «It’s Just Lunch».
56
Mielach, «Women Say They Won’t Date Unemployed Men».
57
Augustine J. Kposowa, «Unemployment and Suicide: A Cohort Analysis of Social Factors Predicting Suicide in the U. S. National Longitudinal Mortality Study», «Psychological Medicine» 31, ¹ 1 (ßíâàðü 2001): 127–38. Ñì. òàêæå Kposowa, «Marital Status and Suicide in the National Longitudinal Mortality Study», «Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health» 54 (Àïðåëü 2000): 256. ×àñòîòíîñòü ñàìîóáèéñòâ ó ðàçâåäåííûõ ìóæ÷èí â 9,94 ðàçà âûøå, ÷åì ó ðàçâåäåííûõ æåíùèí. Ýòó öèôðó äîêòîð Êïîñîâà ïîëó÷èëà íà îñíîâàíèè òàáëèöû 1 (p. 256). Ëè÷íàÿ ïåðåïèñêà ñ Óîððåíîì Ôàððåëëîì, 29 èþíÿ 2000 ã.
58
Gentry, «Who Pays for the First Date?
59
Gentry, «Who Pays for the First Date?
60
OECD, «How Do Girls Compare to Boys in Mathematics Skills?», â «PISA 2009 at a Glance» (Paris, France: OECD, 2010) 22, doi:10.1787/9789264095298-en.
61
D. Salahu-Din, H. Persky, and J. Miller, «The Nation’s Report Card: Writing 2007», NCES 2008–468, National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), Institute of Education Sciences, U. S. Department of Education, (Washington, DC, and Chapel Hill, NC, 2008), table A-9. Ñðåäíèå îöåíêè è óðîâåíü äîñòèæåíèé ïî òåñòó íàâûêîâ ïèñüìà NAEP ó âîñüìûõ êëàññîâ ìóíèöèïàëüíûõ øêîë â çàâèñèìîñòè îò ïîëà è øòàòà. 2007.
62
Òàáëèöó ñîñòàâèë Òîìàñ Äæ. Ìîðòåíñîí, ñòàðøèé íàó÷íûé ñîòðóäíèê Èíñòèòóòà èçó÷åíèÿ ïåðñïåêòèâ âûñøåãî îáðàçîâàíèÿ Ïåëëà, ã. Âàøèíãòîí. «Digest of Education Statistics», 2016, Table 318.10, https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d16/tables/dt16_318.10.asp.
63
 1980 ãîäó ëèøü 14 % ìàëü÷èêîâ óòâåðæäàëè, ÷òî ñèëüíî íåäîëþáëèâàþò øêîëó; ê 2001 ãîäó ýòîò ïîêàçàòåëü âîçðîñ äî 24 %. Ñì. University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research, Monitoring the Future (study), 1980–2001; öèò. ïî NCES, «How Do You Feel About School?», «Trends in Educational Equity of Girls and Women: 2004», fig. 13, p. 45.
64
NCES, «Number and Percentage of Students Who Were Suspended and Expelled from Public Elementary and Secondary Schools, by Sex and Race/Ethnicity: 2002, 2004, and 2006», â «Condition of Education 2009», ed. Michael Planty, William J. Hussar, and Thomas D. Snyder (Washington, DC: NCES, Èþíü 2009), table A-28–1, p. 206.
65
C. Cornwell et al., «Non-cognitive Skills and the Gender Disparities in Test Scores and Teacher Assessments: Evidence from Primary School», «Journal of Human Resources» 48 (Çèìà 2013): ð. 236–64.
66
Ana Swanson, «What Men and Women Wanted in a Spouse in 1939 – and How Different It Is Today», Wonkblog (áëîã), «Washington Post», 19 àïðåëÿ 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/04/19/what-men-and-women-wanted-in-a-spouse-in-1939-and-how-different-it-is-today/?utm_term=.334b6fbe416a.
67
Peg Tyre, «The Trouble with Boys», «Newsweek», 29 ÿíâàðÿ 2006 ã., http://www.newsweek.com/education-boys-falling-behind-girls-many-areas-108593.
68
Taro Fujimoto, «Vocational Schools on the Move», «Japan Today», 21 èþëÿ 2008 ã. https://japantoday.com/category/features/executive-impact/vocational-schools-on-the-move.
69
Êàäçóõèðî Îñèìà îá àêòèâíîì íàáîðå ñòóäåíòîâ-èíîñòðàíöåâ â Èíñòèòóò Êàòàÿíàãè – ñì. â Fujimoto, «Vocational Schools».
70
Kristi Klein and Sara Hodges, «Gender Differences, Motivation, and Empathic Accuracy: When It Pays to Understand», «Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin» 27, ¹ 6 (Èþíü 2001 ã.): p. 720–30.
71
Ñì. www.lifeafterhate.org.
72
Pam Willenz, «Who Is Likely to Become a Bully, Victim or Both?», American Psychological Association, 8 èþëÿ 2010 ã., http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2010/07/bully-victim.aspx.
73
Lester Holt. «Men Falling Behind Women», «NBC News», 5 ìàðòà 2011 ã., http://www.nbcnews.com/id/41928806/ns/business-us_business/t/men-falling-behind-women.
74
«Raising Cain: Boys in Focus» (äîêóìåíòàëüíûé ôèëüì, ðåæèññåð Ïîë Ñòåðí), PBS Films, 2006; ñì. òàêæå Michael Gurian, Michael and Arlette C. Ballew, «The Boys and Girls Learn Differently: Action Guide for Teachers» (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2003), p. 23.
75
Finlay Young, «The Trouble with Men: Why Men are Killing Themselves», «Newsweek», 12 ôåâðàëÿ 2015 ã., http://www.newsweek.com/2015/02/20/suicide-men-305913.html.
76
OECD, «The ABC of Gender Equality in Education: Aptitude, Behavior, Confidence, PISA» (Paris, France: OECD Publishing, 2015), 26, doi:10.1787/9789264229945-en.
77
Sarah Keenlyside, «Young, Free and Shengnu: China’s Bridget Joneses», «Telegraph», 30 èþëÿ 2012 ã., http://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/sex/9424628/Young-free-and-shengnu-Chinas-Bridget-Joneses.html.
78
«From Carnivores to Herbivores: How Men Are Defined in Japan». «Japan Today», 16 ôåâðàëÿ 2012 ã., http://www.japantoday.com/category/lifestyle/view/from-carnivores-to-herbivores-how-men-are-defined-in-japan.
79
William Kremer and Claudia Hammond, «Hikikomori: Why Are So Many Japanese Men Refusing to Leave Their Rooms?» BBC News, 5 èþëÿ 2013 ã., http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-23182523.
80
Massimiliano Mascherini, Lidia Salvatore, Anja Meierkord, and Jean-Marie Jungblut, «NEETs – Young People Not in Employment, Education or Training: Characteristics, Costs and Policy Responses in Europe», Eurofound (Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2012), http://www.eurofound.europa.eu/sites/default/files/ef_files/pubdocs/2012/54/en/1/EF1254EN.pdf.
81
Ñîãëàñíî «The ABC of Gender Equality in Education: Aptitude, Behavior, Confidence, PISA» OECD, íå ñìîãëè ïîëó÷èòü àòòåñòàöèþ ïî òåñòàì PISA ïî ÷òåíèþ, ìàòåìàòèêå è åñòåñòâåííûì íàóêàì 14 % ìàëü÷èêîâ è ëèøü 9 % äåâî÷åê.
82
«What’s the Problem with School?» «Understanding and Raising Boys», «PBS Parents», http://www.pbs.org/parents/raisingboys/school02.html.
83
OECD, «The ABC of Gender Equality», p. 32, 107.
84
World Health Organization, «Adult Risk Factors: Obesity, Blood Sugar, Blood Pressure Data by Country» (2013), http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.NCD56?lang=en.
85
John Crace «Children Are Less Able than They Used to Be», «Guardian», 24 ÿíâàðÿ 2006 ã., https://www.theguardian.com/education/2006/jan/24/schools.uk; ñì. òàêæå Leonard Sax, «Boys Adrift» (p. 65), ãäå äàíà ññûëêà íà òî æå ñàìîå èññëåäîâàíèå: Michael Shayer, M. Ginsburg, and Coe «Thirty Years On: A Large Anti-Flynn Effect? The Piagetian Test Volume & Heaviness Norms, 1975–2003» â «British Journal of Educational Psychology» 77, ¹ 1 (ìàðò 2007): 25–41. IQ ìàëü÷èêîâ ñ âîñüìèäåñÿòûõ ãîäîâ ÕÕ âåêà óïàë íà 15 ïóíêòîâ (ïîëíîå ñòàíäàðòíîå îòêëîíåíèå), à ó äåâî÷åê – ïðèìåðíî íà 7–8 ïóíêòîâ.  ñåìèäåñÿòûå ãîäû ïðîøëîãî âåêà IQ ìàëü÷èêîâ áûë íà 7–8 ïóíêòîâ âûøå, ÷åì ó äåâî÷åê.
86
William T. Dickens and James R. Flynn, «Psychological Review» 108, ¹ 2 (2001): 346–69.
87
Daniel Nettle, «Evolution and Human Behavior» 29, ¹ 6 (íîÿáðü 2008): 416–23, doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2008.06.002.
88
US Census Bureau, «Living Arrangements of Children under 18 Years/1 and Marital Status of Parents by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin/2 and Selected Characteristics of the Child for all Children 2010», Current Population Survey, table C3. Èñòî÷íèê äàííûõ ïî Âåëèêîáðèòàíèè – Office of National Statistics UK.
89
«Being a Man ‘Is Bad for Health’», BBC News, 24 èþëÿ 2002 ã., http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/2148573.stm. Ñì. òàêæå Mason, «Men Die Young».
90
«World Health Statistics, 2017», World Health Organization, p. 92, http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/255336/1/9789241565486-eng.pdf.
91
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, «Global Burden of Disease, 2010», «Lancet», äåêàáðü 2012, http://thelancet.com/gbd/2010; öèò. â Tony Dokoupil, «Why Suicide Has Become an Epidemic – And What We can do to Help», 23 ìàÿ 2013 ã., «Newsweek». Ñì. http://www.newsweek.com/2013/05/22/why-suicide-has-become-epidemic-and-what-we-can-do-help-237434.html.
92
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 äîïîëíåíèå ê ìîåé êíèãå «Father and Child Reunion» ïîñìîòðèòå íà YouTube ðîëèê «Diane Lane: A Life in the Spotlight», CBS Sunday Morning, 7 ìàÿ 2017 ãîäà http://youtu.be/tygUK6aAjXA, ãäå ïîêàçàí ÿðêèé ïðèìåð òîãî, êàêóþ âàæíåéøóþ ðîëü â æèçíè äåâî÷êè ìîæåò ñûãðàòü îòåö, äàæå åñëè ðîäèòåëè â ðàçâîäå.
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Carmen Noevi Velez and Patricia Cohen, «Suicidal Behavior and Ideation in a Community Sample of Children: Maternal and Youth Reports», «Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry» 273 (1988): 349–56.
195
Åäèíñòâåííûé ôàêòîð, âëèÿíèå êîòîðîãî âàæíåå îòöîâñêîãî ó÷àñòèÿ, – âîçðàñò ðåáåíêà. Robert H. Coombs and John Landsverk, «Parenting Styles and Substance Use During Childhood and Adolescence», «Journal of Marriage and the Family» 50 (Ìàé 1988): 479, table 4. Ó÷èòûâàþòñÿ âîçðàñò, ïîë, ýòíè÷åñêàÿ ïðèíàäëåæíîñòü, ñîöèàëüíîå ïðîèñõîæäåíèå, áëèçîñòü ñ ðîäèòåëÿìè, äîâåðèå ê ðîäèòåëÿì, ðîäèòåëüñêèå ïðàâèëà, ñòðîãîñòü ðîäèòåëåé è äðóãèå ôàêòîðû. Âîçðàñò îïðåäåëÿåò îêîëî 17 % âàðèàöèè íàðêîìàíèè ñðåäè ìîëîäûõ ëþäåé èç ýòîé âûáîðêè, à õîðîøèå îòíîøåíèÿ (áëèçîñòü) ñ îòöîì – åùå 10 %; âëèÿíèå âñåõ îñòàëüíûõ ôàêòîðîâ íå áîëüøå 2 %.
196
US Department of Justice, «What Can the Federal Government Do to Decrease Crime and Revitalize Communities?» Panel Papers, «Office of Justice Programs», «National Institute of Justice», 1998, 11 https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles/172210.pdf.
197
APA, «Who Is Likely to Become a Bully, Victim or Both?», EurekaAlert! 8 èþëÿ 2010 ã., http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2010-07/apa-wil070810.php.
198
Heather A. Turner, «The Effect of Lifetime Victimization on the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents», «Social Science & Medicine» 62, ¹ 1 (ÿíâàðü 2006): 13–27.
199
Èññëåäîâàíèå îñíîâàíî íà äàííûõ Íàöèîíàëüíîãî äîëãîñðî÷íîãî èññëåäîâàíèÿ çäîðîâüÿ ìîëîäåæè (National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health); ñì. Chris Knoester and Dana L. Haynie, «Community Context, Social Integration into Family, and Youth Violence», «Journal of Marriage and Family» 67, ¹ 3 (2005): 767–80, doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2005.00168.x.
200
Raymond A. Knight and Robert A. Prentky, «The Developmental Antecedents of Adult Adaptions of Rapist Subtypes», «Criminal Justice and Behavior» 14, ¹ 4 (1987): 413–14, doi:10.1177/0093 854887014004001. Íàéò è Ïðåíòêè íàçâàëè òàêóþ ÷åðòó íàñèëüíèêà «ñìåùåííûì ãíåâîì».
201
Richard V. Reeves, «Saving Horatio Alger: Equality, Opportunity, and the American Dream», Brookings Institution, «Brookings Essay», 20 àâãóñòà 2014 ã. Ñì. òàêæå âèäåî: https://www.brookings.edu/blog/social-mobility-memos/2014/08/21/saving-horatio-alger-the-data-behind-the-words-and-the-lego-bricks
202
Ñ ïîïðàâêîé íà ñåìåéíóþ èñòîðèþ ãèïåðòåíçèè, îæèðåíèå, äèàáåò, âîçðàñò, òðóäîâóþ çàíÿòîñòü, êóðåíèå è ò. ä. Ñì. Todd Neale, «Two-Parent Homes Foster Lower BP in Black Males», «MedPage Today», 2 äåêàáðÿ 2013 ã., http://www.medpagetoday.com/Cardiology/Hypertension/43212?xid=nl_mpt_DHE_2013-12-03.
203
Mary Main and Donna R. Weston, «The Quality of the Toddler’s Relationship to Mother and to Father: Related to Conflict Behavior and the Readiness to Establish New Relationships», «Child Development» 52, ¹ 3 (1981): 932–40, doi:10.2307/1129097.
204
Richard Koestner, C. Franz, and J. Weinberger, «The Family Origins of Empathic Concern: A Twenty-Six-Year Longitudinal Study», «Journal of Personality and Social Psychology» 58, ¹ 4 (àïðåëü 1990): 709–17.
205
Îáñóæäåíèå âîïðîñà ýìïàòèè è åå ñâÿçè ñ îòöîâñêèì âîñïèòàíèåì è ñ÷àñòüåì â æèçíè ñì. â Warren Farrell, «Father and Child Reunion» (New York: Putnam/Penguin, 2001), 30–31.
206
Samantha Nazione et al., «An Experimental Study of Medical Error Explanations», «Journal of Health Communication», Vol 20, 2015, Issue 12, p. 1422.
207
David J. Deming, «The Growing Importance of Social Skills in the Labor Market» (no. 21473, «National Bureau of Economic Research», àâãóñò 2015), doi:10.3386/w21473.
208
US Department of Justice, «What Can the Federal Government Do?»
209
Cynthia C. Harper and Sara S. McLanahan, «Father Absence and Youth Incarceration», «Journal of Research on Adolescence» 14, ¹ 3 (Ñåíòÿáðü 2004): 369–97, doi:10.1111/j.1532- 7795.2004.00079.x.
210
Sonja B. Starr, «Estimating Gender Disparities in Federal Criminal Cases», «American Law and Economics Review» 17, ¹ 1 (2014): 127–59, doi:10.1093/aler/ahu010.
211
Starr, «Estimating Gender Disparities».
212
Daniel Beaty, «Def Poetry: Knock Knock», YouTube video, 2:34, Poetical TV, 15 ìàðòà 2010 ã., http://youtu.be/9eYH0AFx6yI.
213
Ron L. Deal, «Marriage, Family, and Stepfamily Statistics», SmartStepfamilies, àïðåëü 2014, http://www.smartstepfamilies.com/view/statistics.  ýòîì äîêóìåíòå äàíà ïîïûòêà îòâåòèòü íà ñëåäóþùèå âîïðîñû: ïî÷åìó òàê ìíîãî ñòàòèñòè÷åñêèõ äàííûõ ïî ðàçâîäàì è ïîâòîðíûì áðàêàì â âîñüìèäåñÿòûå è äåâÿíîñòûå? Ïî÷åìó ó íàñ íåò áîëåå ñâåæèõ äàííûõ? Ïðàâèòåëüñòâî ÑØÀ (Vital Statistics) â ïîñëåäíåå âðåìÿ îòêàçàëîñü îò ïðåæíåé ïðàêòèêè îòñëåæèâàòü òåíäåíöèè ïî áðàêàì, ðàçâîäàì, ïîâòîðíûì áðàêàì è ïðèåìíûì ñåìüÿì. Ïîñëå 1996 ãîäà îíî ñòàëî òðåáîâàòü îò îïðàøèâàåìûõ íåñêîëüêî äðóãîãî íàáîðà ñâåäåíèé, ïîýòîìó îáíîâèòü ìíîãèå ñòàòèñòè÷åñêèå äàííûå ñòàëî íåâîçìîæíî. Íàïðèìåð, ïðè âûäà÷å áðà÷íûõ ëèöåíçèé áîëüøå íå îáÿçàòåëüíî óêàçûâàòü, ñîñòîÿë ëè ðàíüøå â áðàêå êòî-òî èç ïàðòíåðîâ. Ïî âñåé âèäèìîñòè, áîëüøå ýòè äàííûå ïðàâèòåëüñòâî íå èíòåðåñóþò.
214
US Census Bureau, «Living Arrangements of Children under 18 Years/1 and Marital Status of Parents by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin/2 and Selected Characteristics of the Child for All Children 2010», Current Population Survey, table C3.
215
Warren Farrell, «Father and Child Reunion» (New York: Putnam/Penguin, 2001).
216
William J. Doherty, Brian J. Willoughby, and Jason L. Wilde, «Is the Gender Gap in College Enrollment Influenced by Nonmarital Birth Rates and Father Absence?» «Family Relations» 65, ¹ 2 (2015): 263–74, doi:10.1111/fare.12157.
217
Sara McLanahan and Gary Sandefur, «Growing Up with a Single Parent» (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994), 41. ×åòûðå èññëåäîâàíèÿ, î êîòîðûõ èäåò ðå÷ü, – ýòî Íàöèîíàëüíîå äîëãîñðî÷íîå èññëåäîâàíèå ìîëîäåæè (National Longitudinal Survey of Youth), Ìíîãîêðàòíîå äîëãîñðî÷íîå èññëåäîâàíèå äèíàìèêè äîõîäîâ (Panel Study of Income Dynamics), Èññëåäîâàíèå øêîëüíîãî è äàëüíåéøåãî îáðàçîâàíèÿ (High School and Beyond Study) è Íàöèîíàëüíîå èññëåäîâàíèå ñåìåé è äîìîõîçÿéñòâ (National Survey of Families and Households).  ÷èñëî êîíòðîëèðóåìûõ ñîöèàëüíî-ýêîíîìè÷åñêèõ ïåðåìåííûõ âõîäèëè ðàñîâàÿ ïðèíàäëåæíîñòü, îáðàçîâàíèå ìàòåðè, îáðàçîâàíèå îòöà, äîõîä, êîëè÷åñòâî äåòåé â ñåìüå, ìåñòî æèòåëüñòâà è ïðî÷èå ôîíîâûå ðàçëè÷èÿ (p. 12, appendix B).
218
Sara McLanahan, Laura Tach, and Daniel Schneider, «The Causal Effects of Father Absence», «Annual Review of Sociology» 39 (2013): 399–427, doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-071312-145704). Ñàðà Ìàêëàíàãàí ðàáîòàåò â Ïðèíñòîíñêîì óïðàâëåíèè äåìîãðàôè÷åñêèõ èññëåäîâàíèé, Ëîðà Òà÷ – â Êîðíåëëñêîì îòäåëåíèè ñòðàòåãè÷åñêîé àíàëèòèêè, à Äýíèåë Øíåéäåð – íà êàôåäðå ñîöèîëîãèè â Áåðêëè.
219
Bryce J. Christensen, «America’s Academic Dilemma: The Family and the Schools», «Family in America» 2, ¹ 6, (Èþíü 1988); öèò. â Nicholas Davidson, «Life Without Father: America’s Greatest Social Catastrophe», «Policy Review» (çèìà 1990): 41.
220
Douglas A. Smith and G. Roger Jarjoura, «Social Structure and Criminal Victimization», «Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency» 25, ¹ 1 (ôåâðàëü 1988): 27–52.
221
Frank F. Furstenberg Jr. and Kathleen Mullan Harris, «When and Why Fathers Matter: Impacts of Father Involvement on the Children of Adolescent Mothers», â êí. «Young Unwed Fathers: Changing Roles and Emerging Policies», ed. Robert I. Lerman and Theodora J. Ooms (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1993), 127, 130. Êîãîðòà ýòîãî èññëåäîâàíèÿ ñîñòàâëÿëà 253 ÷åëîâåêà. Ñðåäè ñûíîâåé ìàòåðåé-ïîäðîñòêîâ èç íåáëàãîïîëó÷íûõ ðàéîíîâ ó 15 % ê äåâÿòíàäöàòè ãîäàì áûëè äåòè, íî â ÷èñëå íåñîâåðøåííîëåòíèõ îòöîâ íå îêàçàëîñü îïÿòü æå íè îäíîãî þíîøè, ó êîòîðîãî áûëè õîðîøèå îòíîøåíèÿ ñ ðîäíûì îòöîì.
222
Marianne Bertrand and Jessica Pan, «The Trouble with Boys: Social Influences and the Gender Gap in Disruptive Behavior», «American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, American Economic Association» 5, ¹ 1 (ÿíâàðü 2013): 32–64.
223
J. Waldfogel, T. Craigie, and J. Brooks-Gunn, «Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing», «Future of Children» 20 (2010): 87–112. Â ÑØÀ äâå òðåòè íåæåíàòûõ ïàð, æèâøèõ ñîâìåñòíî íà ìîìåíò ðîæäåíèÿ ðåáåíêà, ðàñïàäàþòñÿ ê òîìó âðåìåíè, êàê ðåáåíêó èñïîëíÿåòñÿ äåñÿòü. Ñì. òàêæå Pamela Smock and Fiona Rose Greenland, «Diversity in Pathways to Parenthood: Patterns, Implications, and Emerging Research Directions», «Journal of Marriage and Family» 72, ¹ 3: 576–93.
224
Colter Mitchell et al., «Father Loss and Child Telomere Length», Pediatrics (Èþëü 2017): doi: 10.1542/peds.2016-3245.
225
Jason De Parle and Sabrina Tavernise, «For Women Under 30, Most Births Occur Outside Marriage», «New York Times», 17 ôåâðàëÿ 2012 ã., https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/18/us/for-women-under-30-most-births-occur-outside-marriage.html. Ïî÷òè äâå òðåòè äåòåé â ÑØÀ ðîæäàþòñÿ ó æåíùèí ìîëîæå òðèäöàòè.
226
Ýòîò ãðàôèê â íåñêîëüêî èçìåíåííîì âèäå âçÿò èç ñòàòüè Jason De Parle and Sabrina Tavernise, «For Women Under 30, Most Births Occur Outside Marriage».
227
W. Bradford Wilcox, «Marriage Makes Our Children Richer – Here’s Why», «Atlantic», 29 îêòÿáðÿ 2013 ã., http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2013/10/marriage-makes-our-childrenricher-heres-why/280930.
228
Ñì. Child Trends, «New Brief Shows Nonmarital Childbearing Is Increasingly Common in United States», 16 äåêàáðÿ 2011 ã., http://archive.constantcontact.com/fs008/1101701160827/archive/1108965696926.html.
229
Ïåðâîíà÷àëüíî «Äîêëàä Ìîéíèõýíà» áûë îïóáëèêîâàí â 1965 ãîäó â âèäå êíèãè: Daniel Patrick Moynihan, «The Negro Family: The Case For National Action».
230
Ñì. Sara McLanahan and Christopher Jecks, «Was Moynihan Right?» «Education Next» 15, ¹ 2 (Âåñíà 2015): http://educationnext.org/was-moynihan-right.
231
Ãðàôèê âçÿò èç ñòàòüè Sara McLanahan and Christopher Jecks, «Was Moynihan Right?». Ó÷åíûå ïîëüçîâàëèñü äàííûìè National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System.
232
Sara McLanahan and Christopher Jecks, «Was Moynihan Right?». Ñì. fig. 2.
233
George A. Akerlof and Janet L. Yellen, «An Analysis of Out-of-Wedlock Births in the U.S»., Brookings Institution, report, 1 àâãóñòà 1996 ã., https://www.brookings.edu/research/an-analysis-of-out-of-wedlock-births-in-the-united-states/.
234
Akerlof and Yellen, «Analysis of Out-of-Wedlock Births».
235
De Parle and Tavernise, «Women Under 30».
236
Richard Warshak, «Social Science and Parenting Plans for Young Children: A Consensus Report», «Psychology, Public Policy, and Law» (ôåâðàëü 2014): doi:10.1037/law0000005. Êðàòêîå ïîïóëÿðíîå èçëîæåíèå ñòàòüè ñì. http://www.warshak.com/store/cr53.html.
237
Ïîòðåáëåíèå ôîëàòîâ ïðåäóïðåæäàåò ó æåíùèí âûêèäûøè è âðîæäåííûå äåôåêòû ïëîäà. Ó÷åíûå-ýïèãåíåòèêè èç Óíèâåðñèòåòà èìåíè Ìàêãèëëà èññëåäîâàëè ïîòðåáëåíèå ôîëàòîâ ó îòöîâ è îáíàðóæèëè, ÷òî äèåòà îòöà ïåðåä çà÷àòèåì âëèÿåò íà çäîðîâüå ïîòîìñòâà â òîé æå ìåðå, ÷òî è äèåòà ìàòåðè. Èññëåäîâàíèå ïðîâîäèëîñü íà ìûøàõ, ñ êîòîðûìè ó íàñ ðàçíèöà âñåãî â äåñÿòü ãåíîâ èç ÷åòûðåõ òûñÿ÷. R. Lambrot et al., «Low Paternal Dietary Folate Alters the Mouse Sperm Epigenome and Is Associated with Negative Pregnancy Outcomes», «Nature Communications» 4 (2013): ¹ 2889, doi:10.1038/ncomms3889.
238
Rachel Levy-Shiff et al., «Fathers’ Hospital Visits to their Preterm Infants as a Predictor of Father-Infant Relationship and Infant Development», «Pediatrics» 86, ¹ 2 (1990): 291–92. Àâòîðû ðàáîòàþò â Óíèâåðñèòåòå èìåíè Áàð-Èëàíà è â áîëüíèöå «Êàïëàí» â Èçðàèëå.
239
Frank A. Pedersen, Judith L. Rubenstein, and Leon J. Yarrow, «Infant Development in Father-Absent Families», «Journal of Genetic Psychology» 135 (ñåíòÿáðü 1979): 55–57, doi:10.1080/00221325.1979.10533416.
240
Martin Deutsch and Bert Brown, «Social Influences in Negro-White Intelligence Differences», «Journal of Social Issues» 20, ¹ 2 (1964): 29.
241
Pedersen, Rubenstein, and Yarrow, «Infant Development», 55–57.
242
Kristin Berg Nordahl, «Early Father-Child Interaction in a Father-Friendly Context», (äèññåðòàöèÿ, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway, 2014). Àâòîð ðàáîòàåò â Íîðâåæñêîì öåíòðå ïîâåäåí÷åñêîãî ðàçâèòèÿ äåòåé â Îñëî.
243
Allan N. Schore, «All Our Sons: The Developmental Neurobiology and Neuroendocrinology of Boys at Risk», «Infant Mental Health Journal» 38, ¹ 1 (ÿíâàðü-ôåâðàëü 2017): 15–52, doi:10.1002/imhj.21616.
244
R. Dalton et al., «Psychiatric Hospitalization of Pre-school Children: Admission Factors and Discharge Implications», «Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry» 26, ¹ 3 (Ìàé 1987): 308–12.
245
H. S. Merskey and G. T. Swart, «Family Background and Physical Health of Adolescents Admitted to an In-Patient Psychiatric Unit, I: Principle Caregivers», «Canadian Journal of Psychiatry» 34, ¹ 2 (1989): 79–83.
246
Nicholas Davidson, «Life Without Father: America’s Greatest Social Catastrophe», Policy Review 51 (Çèìà, 1990): 42.
247
Zahn-Waxler, E. A. Shirtcliff, and K. Marceau, «Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence: Gender and Psychopathology», «Annual Review of Clinical Psychology» 4 (2008): 275–303, doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091358.
248
Íîáåëåâñêèé ëàóðåàò Äæåéìñ Õåêìàí: James Heckman, «Heckman Study: High Quality Early Childhood Education Provides Salient Benefits to Low-Income Children and Mothers», University of Chicago, Department of Economics, 24 àïðåëÿ 2017 ã., https://economics.uchicago.edu/blog/heckman-study-high-quality-early-childhood-education-provides-salient-benefits-low-income.
249
Schore, «All Our Sons».
250
Ed Tronick, «The Neurobehavioral and Social-Emotional Development of Infants and Children» (New York: W. W. Norton, 2007), 340, 345.
251
Claire Cain Miller, «How Child Care Enriches Mothers, and Especially the Sons They Raise», «New York Times», 20 àïðåëÿ 2017 ã., https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/20/upshot/how-child-careenriches-mothers-and-especially-the-sons-they-raise.html.
252
Heckman, «Heckman Study».
253
Ìíîãèå äàííûå, èñïîëüçîâàííûå â ýòîì ðàçäåëå, âçÿòû èç ñòàòüè ×àíäëåðà Àðíîëüäà: Chandler Arnold «Children of Stepfamilies: A Snapshot» (Center for Law and Social Policy, íîÿáðü 1998), https://www.clasp.org/sites/default/files/public/resources-and-publications/archive/0028.pdf.
254
E. Mavis Hetherington and Kathleen M. Jodl, «Stepfamilies as Settings for Child Development», â êí. «Stepfamilies: Who Benefits? Who Does Not?», ed. Alan Booth and Judy Dunn, (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1994).
255
Mary Parke, «Are Married Parents Really Better for Children? What Research Says About the Effects of Family Structure on Child Well-Being» (Couples and Married Research and Policy, Center for Law and Social Policy, Washington, DC, Ìàé 2003), http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED476114.pdf.
256
S. C. Risch, K. M. Jodi, and J. S. Eccles, «Role of the Father-Adolescent Relationship in Shaping Adolescents’ Attitudes», «Journal of Marriage and the Family» 66, ¹ 1 (2004): 46–58.
257
Hetherington and Jodl, «Stepfamilies as Settings for Child Development».
258
Äîêòîð Ý. Ìýéâèñ Õåòåðèíãòîí – ãëàâíûé íàó÷íûé ñîòðóäíèê Âèðãèíñêîãî äîëãîñðî÷íîãî èññëåäîâàíèÿ ðàçâîäîâ è ïîâòîðíûõ áðàêîâ. Âìåñòå ñ Äæîíîì Êåëëè îíà íàïèñàëà êíèãó E. Mavis Hetherington, John Kelly «For Better or For Worse: Divorce Reconsidered» (New York, W. W. Norton, 2003). Äîêòîð Õåòåðèíãòîí ïîëàãàåò, ÷òî ÷àñòîòíîñòü ðàçâîäîâ â ïîâòîðíûõ áðàêàõ «íà 50 % âûøå, åñëè ó êîãî-òî èç ñóïðóãîâ åñòü äåòè» (p. 178). Òî åñòü ÷àñòîòíîñòü ðàçâîäîâ ñîñòàâëÿåò 65–70 %. Âèðãèíñêîå äîëãîñðî÷íîå èññëåäîâàíèå îõâàòûâàåò âûáîðêó, êîòîðóþ íåëüçÿ ñ÷èòàòü ðåïðåçåíòàòèâíîé äëÿ âñåé ñòðàíû, íî ýòî ñàìîå øèðîêîå èññëåäîâàíèå ïîâòîðíûõ áðàêîâ â ÑØÀ íà äàííûé ìîìåíò.
259
D. R. Morrison et al., eds., «Parent-Child Relations and Investments of Parental Time in Children» (Washington, DC: Child Trends, 1994).
260
Paul Glick, «Remarriage: Some Recent Changes and Variations», «Journal of Family Issues» 1, ¹ 4 (1980): 455–78.
261
Kathryn Harker Tillman, «Family Structure Pathways and Academic Disadvantage Among Adolescents in Stepfamilies», «Sociological Inquiry» 77, ¹ 3 (2007): 383–424, doi:10.1111/j.1475- 682X.2007.00198.x.
262
Nan Marie Astone and Sara S. McLanahan, «Family Structure, Residential Mobility, and School Dropout: A Research Note», «Demography» 31, ¹ 4 (íîÿáðü 1994): 575–83.
263
Heather A. Turner, «The Effect of Lifetime Victimization on the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents», «Social Science & Medicine» 62, ¹ 1 (ÿíâàðü 2006): 13–27.
264
Cynthia C. Harper and Sara S. McLanahan, «Father Absence and Youth Incarceration», «Journal of Research on Adolescence» 14, ¹ 3 (ñåíòÿáðü 2004): 369–97, doi:10.1111/j.1532- 7795.2004.00079.x.
265
Richard Fletcher, University of Newcastle, Australia, and others, öèò. â Sue Shellenbarger, «Roughhousing Lessons from Dad: Fathers Teach Risk-Taking, Boundary-Setting; Learning From ‘Sock Wrestling’», «Wall Street Journal», 11 èþíÿ 2014 ã., https://www.wsj.com/articles/roughhousing-lessons-from-dad-1402444262.
266
Mogens Nygaard Christoffersen, «An Investigation of Fathers with 3–5-Year-Old Children» (äîêëàä íà êîíôåðåíöèè «Ministerratskonferenz» ïîä ýãèäîé Èíñòèòóòà ñîöèàëüíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé, Øâåöèÿ, Ñòîêãîëüì, 27–28 àïðåëÿ 1995 ã.), chart 2, «Parents Living Alone with 3- to 5-Year-Old Children».
267
Mary Jo Coiro, Nicholas Zill, and Barbara Bloom, «Health of Our Nation’s Children», US Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, «Vital and Health Statistics», series 10, ¹ 191, äåêàáðü 1994 ã. Íàöèîíàëüíîå àíêåòèðîâàíèå ïî âîïðîñàì çäîðîâüÿ îñíîâàíî íà âûáîðêå Áþðî ïåðåïèñè íàñåëåíèÿ ÑØÀ, îõâàòûâàþùåé 122 000 ÷åëîâåê, â òîì ÷èñëå ñâûøå 17 000 äåòåé (table 16, p. 49). Äåòè, æèâóùèå òîëüêî ñ ðîäíûìè îòöàìè, ëîæàòñÿ ïîçäíî èëè íå ñîáëþäàþò ðåæèì â 9 % ñëó÷àåâ, à æèâóùèå òîëüêî ñ ðîäíûìè ìàòåðÿìè – â 33 % ñëó÷àåâ.
268
Christoffersen, «Investigation of Fathers», chart 3.
269
University of Chicago «Becoming a Man», Crime Lab, 2012, https://urbanlabs.uchicago.edu/projects/becoming-a-man.
270
Richard Koestner, C. Franz, and J. Weinberger, «The Family Origins of Empathic Concern: A Twenty-Six-Year Longitudinal Study», «Journal of Personality and Social Psychology» 58, ¹ 4 (àïðåëü 1990): 709–17.
271
D. A. Luepnitz, «Child Custody» (Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath, 1982); öèò. â Richard A. Warshak, «Father Custody and Child Development: A Review and Analysis of Psychological Research», «Behavioral Sciences and the Law» 4, ¹ 2 (1986): 192.
272
Christoffersen, «Investigation of Fathers», chart 2.
273
Coiro, Zill, and Bloom, «Health of Our Nation’s Children», table 13, p. 43.
274
Warren Farrell, «Father and Child Reunion» (NY: Putnam/Penguin, 2001)
275
«Saddest Boy Ever», îòðûâîê èç «The Jenny Jones Show», «Boot Camp My Pre-teen» (1998), 10, 2011, http://youtu.be/gVXXDtWtHDY.
276
«Minor Asking For Alcohol Experiment Prank», https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3_SJtrgPg8Q
277
D. A. Luepnitz, «Child Custody», 112–25.
278
E. M. Hetherington, «Divorce: A Child’s Perspective», «American Psychologist» 34, ¹ 10 (1979): 831–58.
279
Richard A. Warshak, «Father Custody and Child Development: A Review and Analysis of Psychological Research», «Behavioral Sciences & the Law» 4, ¹ 2 (1986): 190.
280
John Simmons, «IBM Says No to Home Work», «Wall Street Journal», 19 ìàÿ 2017 ã., p. A1.
281
Daniel Paquette, University of Montreal, cited in in Sue Shellenbarger, «Roughhousing Lessons from Dad».
282
Shellenbarger, «Roughhousing Lessons from Dad».
283
Shellenbarger, «Roughhousing Lessons from Dad».
284
Shellenbarger, «Roughhousing Lessons from Dad».
285
Nadya Pancsofar and Lynne Vernon-Feagans, «Mother and Father Language Input to Young Children: Contributions to Later Language Development», «Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology» 27, ¹ 6 (2006): 571–87, doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2006.08.003.
286
Fletcher, University of Newcastle, Australia, è äð., öèò. â Shellenbarger, «Roughhousing Lessons from Dad».
287
K. Alison Clarke-Stewart and Craig Hayward, «Advantages of Father Custody and Contact for the Psychological Well-Being of School-Age Children», «Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology» 17, ¹ 2 (àïðåëü-èþíü 1996): 239–70, doi:10.1016/S0193-3973(96)90027-1.
288
Ïîäðîáíåå î áåçîïàñíîñòè, êîòîðóþ ÷óâñòâóþò äåâî÷êè ïðè îáùåíèè ñ ðîäíûìè îòöàìè è, êàê ïðàâèëî (íî íå âñåãäà) ñ îò÷èìàìè, ñì. Warren Farrell, «Father and Child Reunion».
289
Dacher Keltner, «In Defense of Teasing», «New York Times Magazine», 5 äåêàáðÿ 2008 ã. Ñì. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/07/magazine/07teasing-t.html.
290
Janet Reitman, «How the Death of a Muslim Recruit Revealed a Culture of Brutality in the Marines», «New York Times Magazine», 6 èþëÿ 2017 ã., https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/06/magazine/how-the-death-of-a-muslim-recruit-revealed-a-culture-of-brutality-in-the-marines.html.
291
Pew Research Center, «Women Call the Shots at Home; Public Mixed on Gender Roles in Jobs», Social & Demographic Trends, 25 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2008 ã., http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2008/09/25/women-call-the-shots-at-home-public-mixed-on-gender-roles-in-jobs/.
292
Pew Research Center, «Women Call the Shots at Home; Public Mixed on Gender Roles in Jobs».
293
Marcus Hamilton, Èþëü 2014, (Ñ) 2015, North American Syndicate
294
Paul Amato and Joan Gilbreth, «Nonresident Fathers and Children’s Wellbeing: A Meta-analysis», «Journal of Marriage and the Family» 61, ¹ 3 (1999): 557–73, doi:10.2307/353560.
295
Michael E. Lamb, «Divorce and Parenting», â êí. «Encyclopedia of Applied Developmental Science», ed. C. B. Fisher and R. M. Lerner (New York: Sage, 2004), 794–96; öèò. ïî William V. Fabricius et al., «Custody and Parenting Time: Links to Family Relationships and Well-Being After Divorce», â êí. «The Role of the Father in Child Developmen» t, 5th ed., ed. Michael E. Lamb (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2010).
296
Robert Bauserman, «Child Adjustment in Joint-Custody Versus Sole-Custody Arrangements: A Meta-analytic Review», «Journal of Family Psychology» 16, ¹ 1 (2002): 91–102; öèò. ïî Fabricius, «Custody and Parenting Time».
297
Bauserman, «Child Adjustment».
298
Richard A. Warshak, «Social Science and Parenting Plans for Young Children: A Consensus Report», «Psychology, Public Policy, and Law» 20, ¹ 1 (2014): 46–67, doi:10.1037/law0000005.
299
Michael E. Lamb, K. J. Sternberg, and R. A. Thompson, «The Effects of Divorce and Custody Arrangements on Children’s Behavior, Development, and Adjustment», «Family and Conciliation Courts Review» 35, ¹ 4 (1997): 393–404; öèò. ïî Fabricius, «Custody and Parenting Time».
300
B. Jablonska and L. Lindberg, «Risk Behaviours, Victimisation and Mental Distress Among Adolescents in Different Family Structures», «Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology» 42, ¹ 8 (àâãóñò 2007): 656–63, doi:10.1007/s00127-007-0210-3. Èññëåäîâàíèå îõâàòèëî 12 582 ïîäðîñòêîâ â âîçðàñòå 15 ëåò.
301
Emma Fransson et. al., «Why should they live more with one of us when they are children to us both?», «Children and Youth Services Review» 66 (èþëü 2016): 154–60, doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.05.011.
302
 ÑØÀ þðèäè÷åñêèé òåðìèí «joint custody» – ñîâìåñòíàÿ îïåêà ðàçâåäåííûõ ðîäèòåëåé íàä íåñîâåðøåííîëåòíèìè äåòüìè – íå îáÿçàòåëüíî ïðåäïîëàãàåò ðàâíîå ðàñïðåäåëåíèå âðåìåíè è êàñàåòñÿ ëèøü ñîâìåñòíîãî ïðèíÿòèÿ âàæíûõ ðåøåíèé.  Øâåöèè ñîâìåñòíàÿ îïåêà îçíà÷àåò, ÷òî ðîäèòåëüñêîå âðåìÿ äåëèòñÿ ïðèìåðíî 50 íà 50.
303
M. Bergström, B. Modin, et al., «Living in Two Homes: A Swedish National Survey of Wellbeing in 12 and 15 Year Olds with Joint Physical Custody», «BMC Public Health» 13 (ñåíòÿáðü 2013): 868.
304
Malin Bergström, «Mental Health and Wellbeing in Children in Shared Parenting and Other Living Arrangements» (ïðåçåíòàöèÿ, «Center for Health Equity Studies», Øâåöèÿ, îêòÿáðü 2014 ã.), http://www.divorcecorp.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Mental-Health-Wellbeing-in-Different-Living-Arrangements_Malin-Bergstrom.pdf.
305
Bergström et al., «Living in Two Homes».
306
E. M. Hetherington, M. Cox, and R. Cox, «Effects of Divorce on Parents and Children», â êí. «Nontraditional Families», ed. M. Lamb (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1982), 233–88; Judith Wallerstein and Joan B. Kelly, «Surviving the Breakup» (NY: Basic Books, 1980); è John W. Santrock and Richard A. Warshak, «The Impact of Divorce in Father-Custody and Mother-Custody Homes: The Child’s Perspective», â êí. «Children and Divorce», ed. L. A. Kurdek (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1983).
307
Hetherington, Cox, and Cox, «Effects of Divorce»; Wallerstein and Kelly, «Surviving the Breakup»; è Santrock and Warshak, «Impact of Divorce».
308
Hetherington, Cox, and Cox, «Effects of Divorce»; Wallerstein and Kelly, «Surviving the Breakup»; è Santrock and Warshak, «Impact of Divorce».
309
D. A. Luepnitz, «Maternal, Paternal, and Joint Custody: A Study of Families After Divorce» (PhD dissertation, State University of New York, Buffalo, 1980).
310
Paula M. Raines, «Joint Custody and the Right to Travel: Legal and Psychological Implications», «Journal of Family Law» 24 (Èþíü 1986): 625–56.
311
E. G. Pojman, «Emotional Adjustment of Boys in Sole Custody and Joint Custody Compared with Adjustment of Boys in Happy and Unhappy Marriages» (PhD dissertation, California Graduate Institute, Los Angeles, 1982).
312
Jablonska and Lindberg, «Risk Behaviours», 656–63.
313
Margaret Crosbie-Burnett, «Impact of Joint vs. Sole Custody and Quality of Co-parental Relationship on Adjustment of Adolescents in Remarried Families», «Behavioral Sciences & the Law» 9, ¹ 4 (îñåíü 1991): 439–49, doi:10.1002/bsl.2370090407.
314
E. B. Karp, «Children’s Adjustment in Joint and Single Custody: An Empirical Study» (PhD dissertation, California School of Professional Psychology, Berkeley, CA, 1982).
315
Luepnitz, «Joint Custody».
316
Shirley M. H. Hanson, «Healthy Single Parent Families», Family Relations 35, ¹ 1 (1986): 131, doi:10.2307/584291.
317
Ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì îïðîñîâ ìàòåðåé, êîòîðûå ó÷àñòâîâàëè â ñåìèíàðàõ äëÿ ðîäèòåëåé. Öåëüþ îïðîñîâ áûëî îöåíèòü ïðîãðåññ èõ ñûíîâåé â õîäå òóðèñòè÷åñêîãî âûåçäà «Young Men’s Ultimate Weekend» («Äâóõäíåâíàÿ øêîëà ïðèêëþ÷åíèé äëÿ þíîøåé») â 2010–2017 ãã. Ïðîãðàììó «Young Men’s Ultimate Weekend» îñíîâàë Ìàðê Øèëëèíãåð, êîòîðûé è ïðîâîäèò ñåìèíàðû âìåñòå ñ Ðîøåëü Íüþìàí.
318
Linda Nielsen, «Shared Physical Custody: Summary of 40 Studies on Outcomes for Children», «Journal of Divorce and Remarriage» 55, ¹ 8 (2014): 613–35, doi:10.1080/10502556.2014.965578.
319
Malin Bergström et al., «Fifty Moves a Year: Is There an Association Between Joint Physical Custody and Psychosomatic Problems in Children?», «Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health» 69, ¹ 8 (àïðåëü 2015): 769–74, doi:10.1136/jech-2014-205058.
320
Èç ëè÷íîé ïåðåïèñêè, 11 ÿíâàðÿ 2013 ã.; èìÿ àâòîðà èçìåíåíî, âûäåëåíèå æèðíûì øðèôòîì ìîå. – Ó. Ô.
321
Glynnis Walker, «Solomon’s Children» (New York: Arbor House, 1986), 27 è 84–85.
322
K. Alison Clarke-Stewart and Craig Hayward, «Advantages of Father Custody and Contact for the Psychological Well-Being of School-Age Children», «Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology» 17, ¹ 2 (àïðåëü-èþíü 1996 ã.): 239–70, doi:10.1016/S0193-3973(96)90027–1.
323
Mogens Nygaard Christoffersen, «An Investigation of Fathers with 3–5-Year-Old Children» (äîêëàä íà êîíôåðåíöèè «Ministerratskonferenz» ïîä ýãèäîé Èíñòèòóòà ñîöèàëüíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé, Øâåöèÿ, Ñòîêãîëüì, 27–28 àïðåëÿ 1995 ã.), chart 4, «Psychosomatic Symptoms and Select Background Situations of the Parents».
324
Christoffersen, «Investigation of Fathers».
325
Richard A. Warshak, «Divorce Poison», (New York: Harper Collins, 2010).
326
Sara McLanahan and Gary Sandefur, «Growing Up with a Single Parent», (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997).
327
P. A. Cowan, C. P. Cowan, and J. Barry, «Couples’ Groups for Parents of Preschoolers: Ten-Year Outcomes of a Randomized Trial», «Journal of Family Psychology» 25, ¹ 2 (2011): 240–50, doi:10.1037/a0023003.
328
Marianne Bertrand and Jessica Pan, «The Trouble with Boys: Social Influences and the Gender Gap in Disruptive Behavior», «American Economic Journal: Applied Economics», 5 (1) (2013): 32–64, doi: 10.1257/app.5.1.32.
329
David Autor et al., «Family Disadvantage and the Gender Gap in Behavioral and Educational Outcomes» (working paper ¹ 22267, National Bureau of Economic Research, Ìàé 2016), doi:10.3386/w22267.
330
Jablonska and Lindberg, «Risk Behaviours», 656–63.
331
Àíàëèç Èññëåäîâàòåëüñêîãî öåíòðà Ïüþ ïî äàííûì ïåðåïèñè ñ äåñÿòèëåòíèìè èíòåðâàëàìè è Îïðîñîâ àìåðèêàíñêîé îáùåñòâåííîñòè, öèò. â Gretchen Livingston, «The Rise of Single Fathers: A Ninefold Increase Since 1960», Pew Research Center, 2 èþëÿ 2013 ã., http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2013/07/02/the-rise-of-single-fathers.
332
Àíàëèç Èññëåäîâàòåëüñêîãî öåíòðà Ïüþ ïî äàííûì ïåðåïèñè ñ äåñÿòèëåòíèìè èíòåðâàëàìè, öèò. â Livingston, «Rise of Single Fathers: A Ninefold Increase Since 1960».
333
John W. Santrock and Richard A. Warshak: «Father Custody and Social Development in Boys and Girls», «Journal of Social Issues» 35, ¹ 4 (îñåíü 1979): 112–25, doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1979. tb00816.x.
334
Kyle D. Pruett, «The Nurturing Male: A Longitudinal Study of Primary Nurturing Fathers», â êí. «Fathers and Their Families», ed. Stanley H. Cath, Alan Gurwitt, and Linda Gunsberg (Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press, 1989), 390. Èññëåäîâàíèå, ïîêàçàâøåå, ÷òî ðàññòðîéñòâî âíèìàíèÿ ïðîÿâëÿåòñÿ ó 30 % äåòåé, æèâóùèõ ñ ìàìîé, è ó 15 % äåòåé, æèâóùèõ ñ ïàïîé, îõâàòèëî 1200 äåòåé â âîçðàñòå 3–5 ëåò.
335
Ñðåäè äåòåé, æèâóùèõ ñ îòöàìè, ñ ïîäîáíûìè òðóäíîñòÿìè ñòàëêèâàåòñÿ 3 %, à ñ ìàòåðÿìè – 10 %. Christoffersen, «Investigation of Fathers», chart 3. Ýëåêòðîííîå ïèñüìî îò 12 ìàðòà 1997 ã. Äîêòîð Êðèñòîôôåðñåí ðàáîòàåò â Èíñòèòóòå ñîöèàëüíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé â Äàíèè. Ýòî èññëåäîâàíèå îñîáåííî âàæíî, ïîñêîëüêó îõâàòèëî áîëåå ÷åòâåðòè âñåõ äåòåé 3–5 ëåò â Äàíèè, æèâóùèõ ñ ðîäíûìè îòöàìè (600 èç 2040).  õîäå èññëåäîâàíèÿ ýòè äåòè ñðàâíèâàëèñü ñ ãðóïïîé ïðèìåðíî èç 600 äåòåé (èç 33 708), æèâóùèõ ñ ðîäíûìè ìàòåðÿìè.
336
Pruett, «Nurturing Male», 390.
337
Pruett, «Nurturing Male», 390.
338
Pruett, «Nurturing Male», 390.
339
Jablonska and Lindberg, «Risk Behaviours», 656–63.
340
Betty Friedan, «The Feminine Mystique», (New York: W. W. Norton, 1963).
341
Augustine J. Kposowa, «Marital Status and Suicide in the National Longitudinal Mortality Study», «Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health» 54, ¹ 4 (2000): 254–61, doi:10.1136/jech.54.4.254.
342
Michael Weitzman, David G. Rosenthal, and Ying-Hua Liu, «Paternal Depressive Symptoms and Child Behavioral or Emotional Problems in the United States», «Pediatrics» 128, ¹ 6 (íîÿáðü 2011): 1126–34, doi:10.1016/j.yped.2012.04.001.
343
K. Alison Clarke-Stewart and Craig Hayward, «Advantages of Father Custody and Contact for the Psychological Well-Being of School-Age Children», «Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology» 17, ¹ 2 (àïðåëü-èþíü, 1996): 239–70, doi:10.1016/S0193-3973 (96)90027-1.
344
Douglas B. Downey and Brian Powell, «Do Children in Single-Parent Households Fare Better Living with Same-Sex Parent?» «Journal of Marriage and the Family» 55, ¹ 1 (ôåâðàëü 1993): 55–71, doi:10.2307/352959.
345
Ïñèõîëîãè÷åñêîå çäîðîâüå îöåíèâàëîñü ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì òåñòîâ íà ñàìîîöåíêó, àäàïòàöèþ â îáùåñòâå, íàñòðîåíèå è îòñóòñòâèå äåïðåññèè. Clarke-Stewart and Hayward, «Advantages of Father», 257–58 (â òîì ÷èñëå table 4).
346
Mary Jo Coiro, Nicholas Zill, and Barbara Bloom, «Health of Our Nation’s Children», US Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, «Vital and Health Statistics», series 10, ¹ 191, äåêàáðü 1994 ã.
347
Richard A. Warshak, «Father Custody and Child Development: A Review and Analysis of Psychological Research», «Behavioral Sciences & the Law» 4, ¹ 2 (1986): 190.
348
Ñì. Warren Farrell, «Why Men Earn More: The Startling Truth Behind the Pay Gap – and What Women Can Do About It» (New York: AMACOM, 2005), à òàêæå «US Census Bureau’s Survey of Income and Program Participation», 2001 Panel, Wave 2. Òî÷íîå ìåäèàííîå çíà÷åíèå ãîäîâûõ äîõîäîâ ó æåíùèí â ÑØÀ ñîñòàâëÿåò 46 896 äîëëàðîâ, à ó ìóæ÷èí 39 996. Ñàìûå ñâåæèå äàííûå îòíîñÿòñÿ ê 2004 ãîäó.
349
Ñì. Farrell, «Why Men Earn More».
350
Ñì. Farrell, «Why Men Earn More».
351
Robert M. Sapolsky, «Behave» (New York: Penguin Press, 2017). Ñì. îáñóæäåíèå èññëåäîâàíèÿ, ïîêàçàâøåãî, ÷òî òþðåìíûå íàäçèðàòåëè ïðåäëàãàëè óñëîâíî-äîñðî÷íîå îñâîáîæäåíèå â 60 % ñëó÷àåâ ñðàçó ïîñëå îáåäà è íèêîãäà (0 %) – íåïîñðåäñòâåííî ïåðåä îáåäîì.
352
Michael Alison Chandler, «On This List of the 50 Best Places to Work for New Dads, Netflix Leads the Pack», «Washington Post», 2 ìàÿ 2017 ã., https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/inspiredlife/wp/2017/05/02/theres-a-new-best-places-to-work-list-this-time-its-for-dads/?utm_term=.cadeea5abf99.
353
Brigid Schulte, «Don’t Call them Mr. Mom: More Dads at Home with Kids Because They Want to Be», «Washington Post», 5 èþíÿ 2014 ã., https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/parenting/wp/2014/06/05/dads-who-stay-home-because-they-want-to-has-increased-four-fold/?utm_term=.7add28aecae0.
354
Hani Nouman, Guy Enosh, and Pnina Niselbaum-Atzur, «The Role of Parental Communication, Child’s Wishesand Child’s Gender in Social Workers’ Custody Recommendations», «Children and Youth Services Review» 70 (íîÿáðü 2016): 302–8, doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.09.034.
355
Ñì. òàêæå Paul Raeburn, «Do Fathers Matter?: What Science is Telling Us About the Parent We’ve Overlooked» (New York: Scientific American, 2014), p. 233. Çäåñü öèòèðóåòñÿ ññûëêà Íàöèîíàëüíîé îðãàíèçàöèè æåíùèí íà âåá-ñàéò, ãäå òî, ÷òî «ó÷àñòèå îòöà â âîñïèòàíèè íåîáõîäèìî äëÿ áëàãîïîëó÷èÿ ðåáåíêà» íàçâàíî ìèôîì íîìåð îäèí.
356
Áðèàííà Íèéç ãîòîâà îáñóäèòü, êàê ïðè ïîìîùè êíèãè «Òðóäíî áûòü ìàëü÷èêîì» ñäåëàòü òàê, ÷òîáû áûòü ìàëü÷èêîì ñòàëî íå òàê òðóäíî. Åé ìîæíî íàïèñàòü ïî àäðåñó chantebrie@gmail.com.
357
Ñì. Raeburn, «Do Fathers Matter?».
358
Kim Parker and Wendy Wang, «Modern Parenthood: Roles of Moms and Dads Converge as They Balance Work and Family» (îò÷åò äëÿ «Pew Research Social and Demographic Trends», Washington, DC, 2013), q. 44; îñíîâàí íà äàííûõ îòöîâ, ÷üèì äåòÿì ìåíüøå 18 ëåò.
359
Elaine Sorensen, Lilliana Sousa, and Simone G. Schaner, «Assessing Child Support Arrears in Nine Large States and the Nation», (äîêëàä, Urban Institute, 11 èþëÿ 2007 ã.), 11, https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/29736/1001242-Assessing-Child-Support-Arrears-in-Nine-Large-States-and-the-Nation.PDF.
360
Taylor Weatherby, «Woman’s Ultrasound Goes Terribly Wrong in Hilarious Doritoes Super Bowl Ad», «Hollywood Life», 7 ôåâðàëÿ 2016 ã., https://hollywoodlife.com/2016/02/07/doritos-super-bowl-commercial-2016-superbowl-ad-video-ultrasound
361
Weatherby, «Doritos Super Bowl Ad»; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LOHCIQHrIuU.
362
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363
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Ñòàòüÿ 92.1 çàêîíà î äîñòóïíîì çäðàâîîõðàíåíèè ãëàñèò, ÷òî çàïðåùàåòñÿ äèñêðèìèíàöèÿ ïî ðàñîâîé ïðèíàäëåæíîñòè, öâåòó êîæè, íàöèîíàëüíîñòè, ïîëó, âîçðàñòó è èíâàëèäíîñòè.
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Jonathan V. Wright, «Lithium: The Misunderstood Mineral, Part 1», http://www.afibbers.org/forum/read.php?9,5979,5979#msg-5979; G. J. Moore, «Lithium-Induced Increase in Human Brain Grey Matter», «Lancet» 356, ¹ 9237 (2000): 1241–42, pmid:11072948; Shu-Sen Cui et al., «Prevention of Cannabinoid Withdrawal Syndrome by Lithium: Involvement of Oxytocinergic Neuronal Activation», «Journal of Neuroscience» 21, ¹ 24 (2001): 9867–76, pmid:11739594; Hashimoto R. et al., «Lithium Induces Brain-Derived NeuroTrophic Factor and Activates TrkB in Rodent Cortical Neurons», «Neuropharmacology» 43, ¹ 7 (Äåêàáðü 2002): 1173–79, pmid: 12504924; Alan E. Lewis, «Lithium: Under-appreciated Brain Nutrient & Protector», Pacific BioLogic, 1 ìàÿ 2009 ã., https://www.pacificbiologic.com/sites/default/files/Lithium%20article.pdf.
788
E. J. Scharman, «Methods Used to Decrease Lithium Absorption or Enhance Elimination», «Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology» 35, ¹ 6 (1997): 601–608, pmid: 9365427.
789
Anna Fels, «Should We All Take a Bit of Lithium?» «New York Times», 13 ñåíòÿáðÿ 2014 ã., https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/14/opinion/sunday/should-we-all-take-a-bit-of-lithium.html.
790
James Phelps, «Lithium for Alzheimer Prevention: What Are We Waiting For?» «Psychiatric Times», 7 îêòÿáðÿ 2016 ã., http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/psychopharmacology/lithium-alzheimer-prevention-what-are-we-waiting.
791
John Gray, «ADHD | ADD: Part 1 – Understanding Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder», «Mars Venus» (áëîã), «Health Advice», 28 íîÿáðÿ 2012 ã., https://www.marsvenus.com/blog/john-gray/adhd-add-part-1-understanding-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder.
792
Ìåòîä «Altered Mindsets» ïðåäïîëàãàåò ñîçäàíèå «áåñêîíôëèêòíîé çîíû» è ðàçðåøåíèå âñåõ êîíôëèêòîâ ëèøü â äâóõ÷àñîâîé ïåðèîä «ëþáâè è îòêðîâåííîñòè», êîòîðîå íà÷èíàåòñÿ ñ øåñòè óïðàæíåíèé äëÿ âðåìåííîãî èçìåíåíèÿ íàøèõ ïðèðîäíûõ óñòàíîâîê íà îáèäó, êîòîðûå ïîçâîëÿþò ýìîöèîíàëüíî àññîöèèðîâàòü êðèòèêó ñ âîçìîæíîñòüþ îùóòèòü ñåáÿ ëþáèìûìè. Îá ýòîì ìåòîäå ðàññêàçàíî â ìîåé êíèãå W. Farrell, «Women Can’t Hear What Men Don’t Say» (New York: Berkely, 1999), à íà ñåìèíàðàõ äëÿ ñåìåéíûõ ïàð ìîæíî ïîçíàêîìèòüñÿ ñ åãî áîëåå íîâîé è óñîâåðøåíñòâîâàííîé âåðñèåé. Ñì. http://warrenfarrell.com/where-warren-will-be.
793
Norval Glenn and Barbara Dafoe Whitehead, «MAMA SAYS: A National Survey of Mothers’ Attitudes on Fathering» (National Fatherhood Initiative, îêòÿáðü 2009), http://www.fatherhood.org/mama-says-survey.
794
Colter Mitchell et al., «Father Loss and Child Telomere Length», «Pediatrics» (èþëü, 2017): e20163245, doi:10.1542/peds.2016–3245.
795
Mitchell et al., «Father Loss».
796
Robert Bauserman, «Child Adjustment in Joint-Custody Versus Sole-Custody Arrangements: A Meta-analytic Review», «Journal of Family Psychology» 16, ¹ 1 (2002): 91–102, öèò. ïî William V. Fabricius et al., «Custody and Parenting Time: Links to Family Relationships and Well-Being After Divorce», â ñá. «The Role of the Father in Child Development», 5th ed., ed. Michael E. Lamb (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2010); E. G. Pojman, «Emotional Adjustment of Boys in Sole Custody and Joint Custody Compared with Adjustment of Boys in Happy and Unhappy Marriages» (PhD diss., California Graduate Institute, Los Angeles, 1982); D. A. Luepnitz, «Maternal, Paternal, and Joint Custody: A Study of Families After Divorce» (äîêòîðñêàÿ äèññåðòàöèÿ, Óíèâåðñèòåò øòàòà Íüþ-Éîðê â Áàôôàëî, 1980); B. Jablonska and L. Lindberg, «Risk Behaviours, Victimisation and Mental Distress Among Adolescents in Different Family Structures», «Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology» 42, ¹ 8 (Àâãóñò 2007): 656–63, doi:10.1007/s00127-007-0210-3.
797
Ýòà íåéðîííàÿ ñåòü ñâÿçûâàåò îòäåëû ìîçãà, êîòîðûå ïðèïèñûâàþò òåì èëè èíûì ïåðåæèâàíèÿì ýìîöèîíàëüíóþ çíà÷èìîñòü (ìèíäàëåâèäíîå òåëî, íèæíþþ ëîáíóþ èçâèëèíó, îñòðîâêîâóþ îáëàñòü, âåíòðàëüíóþ îáëàñòü ïîêðûøêè), à òàêæå îáëàñòè, êîòîðûå ïîìîãàþò íàì ðàñïîçíàâàòü ïîòðåáíîñòè, íàìåðåíèÿ è äóøåâíîå ñîñòîÿíèå äðóãèõ ëþäåé (âåíòðîìåäèàëüíàÿ ïðåôðîíòàëüíàÿ êîðà, âèñî÷íàÿ âåðõíÿÿ áîðîçäà). Ñì. Eyal Abraham et al., «Father’s Brain Is Sensitive to Childcare Experiences», «Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences» 111, ¹ 27 (2014): 9792–97, doi:10.1073/pnas.1402569111. Îïèñàíèå íåéðîííîé ñåòè âçÿòî èç ñòàòüè Melissa Healy, «Caring for a Baby Changes a Man’s Brain, Study Shows», «Los Angeles Times», 28 ìàÿ 2014 ã., http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-snmen-parenting-mom-brain-20140527-story.html.
798
Kyle D. Pruett, «The Nurturing Male: A Longitudinal Study of Primary Nurturing Fathers», â êí. «Fathers and Their Families», ed. Stanley H. Cath, Alan Gurwitt, and Linda Gunsberg (Hillsdale, NJ: Analytic Press, 1989), 390.
799
Colter Mitchell et al., «Father Loss and Child Telomere Length», «Pediatrics» (Èþëü, 2017): e20163245, doi:10.1542/peds.2016-3245.
800
Mitchell et al., «Father Loss».
801
Tara Kangarlou, «Imprisoned IS Members Open Up to Lebanese Social Workers, «AL – Monitor», 10 ìàðòà 2015 ã., http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2015/03/terrorism-social-work-jihadist-profile-roumieh-prison.html.
802
Mogens Nygaard Christoffersen, «An Investigation of Fathers with 3–5-Year-Old Children» (äîêëàä íà êîíôåðåíöèè «Ministerratskonferenz» ïîä ýãèäîé Èíñòèòóòà ñîöèàëüíûõ èññëåäîâàíèé, Øâåöèÿ, Ñòîêãîëüì, 27–28 àïðåëÿ 1995 ã.).
803
Rachel Levy-Shiff et al., «Fathers’ Hospital Visits to their Preterm Infants as a Predictor of Father-Infant Relationship and Infant Development», «Pediatrics» 86, ¹ 2 (1990): 291–92. (Àâòîðû ðàáîòàþò â Óíèâåðñèòåòå èìåíè Áàð-Èëàíà è â áîëüíèöå Êàïëàí â Èçðàèëå).
804
Bryce J. Christensen, «America’s Academic Dilemma: The Family and the Schools», «Family in America» 2, ¹ 6, (Èþíü 1988); öèò. ïî Nicholas Davidson, «Life Without Father: America’s Greatest Social Catastrophe», «Policy Review» (Çèìà 1990): 41.
805
Åäèíñòâåííûé ôàêòîð, êîòîðûé îêàçàëñÿ âàæíåå îòöîâñêîãî ó÷àñòèÿ, – ýòî âîçðàñò ðåáåíêà. Robert H. Coombs and John Landsverk, «Parenting Styles and Substance Use During Childhood and Adolescence», «Journal of Marriage and the Family» 50 (Ìàé 1988): 479, table 4. Îöåíèâàëèñü âîçðàñò ðåáåíêà, ïîë, ýòíè÷åñêàÿ è êëàññîâàÿ ïðèíàäëåæíîñòü, áëèçîñòü ñ ðîäèòåëÿìè, äîâåðèå ê ðîäèòåëÿì, ñòðîãîñòü ðîäèòåëüñêèõ ïðàâèë è ïð. Ñðåäè ìîëîäåæè èç ýòîé âûáîðêè âîçðàñò îïðåäåëÿë îêîëî 17 % âàðèàöèé ïî íàðêîìàíèè, õîðîøèå îòíîøåíèÿ (áëèçîñòü) ñ îòöîì – îêîëî 10 %, à âñå îñòàëüíûå ôàêòîðû – íå áîëåå 2 %.
806
Henry Biller, «Paternal Deprivation: Family, School, Sexuality, and Society» (Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1974).
807
Carmen Noevi Velez and Patricia Cohen, «Suicidal Behavior and Ideation in a Community Sample of Children: Maternal and Youth Reports», «Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry» 273 (1988): 349–56.
808
Daniel Paquette, University of Montreal, öèò. ïî Sue Shellenbarger, «Roughhousing Lessons from Dad: Fathers Teach Risk-Taking, Boundary-Setting; Learning From ‘Sock Wrestling,’» «Wall Street Journal», 11 èþíÿ 2014 ã., https://www.wsj.com/articles/roughhousing-lessons-from-dad-1402444262; Pruett, «Nurturing Male», 390.
809
Frank A. Pedersen, Judith L. Rubenstein, and Leon J. Yarrow, «Infant Development in Father-Absent Families», «Journal of Genetic Psychology» 135 (Ñåíòÿáðü 1979): 55–57, doi:10.1080/00221325.1979.10533416.
810
Kristin Berg Nordahl, «Early Father-Child Interaction in a Father-Friendly Context», (PhD thesis, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Norway, 2014). Êðèñòèí Áåðã Íîðäàëü ðàáîòàåò â Íîðâåæñêîì öåíòðå ïîâåäåí÷åñêîãî ðàçâèòèÿ äåòåé â Îñëî.
811
R. Dalton et al., «Psychiatric Hospitalization of Pre-school Children: Admission Factors and Discharge Implications», «Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry» 26, ¹ 3 (Ìàé 1987): 308–12.
812
H. S. Merskey and G. T. Swart, «Family Background and Physical Health of Adolescents Admitted to an In-Patient Psychiatric Unit, I: Principle Caregivers», «Canadian Journal of Psychiatry» 34, ¹ 2 (1989): 79–83.
813
Nicholas Davidson, «Life Without Father: America’s Greatest Social Catastrophe», «Policy Review» 51 (Çèìà, 1990): 42.
814
Richard Koestner, C. Franz, and J. Weinberger, «The Family Origins of Empathic Concern: A Twenty-Six-Year Longitudinal Study», «Journal of Personality and Social Psychology» 58, ¹ 4 (àïðåëü 1990): 709–17.
815
Martin Deutsch and Bert Brown, «Social Influences in Negro-White Intelligence Differences», «Journal of Social Issues» 20, ¹ 2 (1964): 29.
816
Mary Main and Donna R. Weston, «The Quality of the Toddler’s Relationship to Mother and to Father: Related to Conflict Behavior and the Readiness to Establish New Relationships», «Child Development» 52, ¹ 3 (1981): 932–40, doi:10.2307/1129097.
817
Pedersen, Rubenstein, and Yarrow, «Infant Development».
818
N. Radin, «The Role of the Father in Cognitive, Academic, and Intellectual Development», â ñá. «The Role of the Father in Child Development», ed. M. E. Lamb (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1981), 379–427; N. Radin, «The Influence of Fathers on Their Sons and Daughters», «Social Work in Education» 8 (1986): 77–91; N. Radin and G. Russell, «Increased Paternal Participation and Childhood Outcomes», â êí. «Fatherhood and Family Policy», ed. M. E. Lamb and A. Sagi (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1983), 191–218.
819
APA, «Who Is Likely to Become a Bully, Victim or Both?» EurekaAlert! 8 èþëÿ 2010 ã., http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2010-07/apa-wil070810.php; John W. Santrock and Richard A. Warshak, «The Impact of Divorce in Father-Custody and Mother-Custody Homes: The Child’s Perspective», â ñá. «Children and Divorce», ed. L. A. Kurdek (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1983); Pruett, «Nurturing Male», 390.
820
Jablonska and Lindberg, «Risk Behaviours», 656–63. Èññëåäîâàíèå îõâàòèëî 12 582 ïÿòíàäöàòèëåòíèõ ïîäðîñòêîâ.
821
Margaret Crosbie-Burnett, «Impact of Joint vs. Sole Custody and Quality of Co-parental Relationship on Adjustment of Adolescents in Remarried Families», «Behavioral Sciences & the Law» 9, ¹ 4 (Îñåíü 1991): 439–49, doi:10.1002/bsl.2370090407.
822
 ÑØÀ òåðìèí «ñîâìåñòíàÿ îïåêà íàä íåñîâåðøåííîëåòíèìè äåòüìè» íå îáÿçàòåëüíî ïðåäïîëàãàåò, ÷òî îòåö è ìàòü ïðîâîäÿò ñ ðåáåíêîì ïîðîâíó âðåìåíè, ýòî îçíà÷àåò ëèøü, ÷òî îíè ñîâìåñòíî ïðèíèìàþò âàæíûå ðåøåíèÿ, êàñàþùèåñÿ ñóäüáû ðåáåíêà. À â Øâåöèè ñîâìåñòíàÿ îïåêà ïîäðàçóìåâàåò è ïðèáëèçèòåëüíî ðàâíîå ðàñïðåäåëåíèå âðåìåíè. M. Bergström et al., «Living in Two Homes: a Swedish National Survey of Wellbeing in 12 and 15 Year Olds with Joint Physical Custody», «BMC Public Health», 13 (Ñåíòÿáðü 2013): 868.
823
E. B. Karp, «Children’s Adjustment in Joint and Single Custody: An Empirical Study» (äèññåðòàöèÿ, California School of Professional Psychology, Berkeley, CA, 1982).
824
Kathryn Harker Tillman, «Family Structure Pathways and Academic Disadvantage Among Adolescents in Stepfamilies», «Sociological Inquiry» 77, ¹ 3 (2007): 383–424, doi:10.1111/j.1475- 682X.2007.00198.x.
825
Nan Marie Astone and Sara S. McLanahan, «Family Structure, Residential Mobility, and School Dropout: A Research Note», «Demography» 31, ¹ 4 (Íîÿáðü 1994): 575–83.
826
E. M. Hetherington, M. Cox, and R. Cox, «Effects of Divorce on Parents and Children», â ñá. «Non-traditional Families», ed. M. Lamb (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1982), 233–88; Judith Wallerstein and Joan B. Kelly, «Surviving the Breakup» (NY: Basic Books, 1980); Santrock and Warshak, «Impact of Divorce».
827
Sara McLanahan and Gary Sandefur, «Growing Up with a Single Parent», (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997); ýòî ïîäòâåðæäàþò è äàííûå ÷åòûðåõ èññëåäîâàíèé – «National Longitudinal Survey of Youth», «Panel Study of Income Dynamics», «High School and Beyond Study», «National Survey of Families and Households».  õîäå ýòèõ èññëåäîâàíèé ó÷èòûâàëèñü ñàìûå ðàçíûå ñîöèàëüíî-ýêîíîìè÷åñêèå ïåðåìåííûå: ðàñîâàÿ ïðèíàäëåæíîñòü, îáðàçîâàíèå ìàòåðè, îáðàçîâàíèå îòöà, äîõîä, êîëè÷åñòâî äåòåé â ñåìüå, ìåñòî æèòåëüñòâà è äðóãèå ðàçëè÷èÿ. Ñì. òàêæå Sara McLanahan, Laura Tach, and Daniel Schneider, «The Causal Effects of Father Absence», «Annual Review of Sociology» 39 (2013): 399–427, doi:10.1146/annurevsoc-071312-145704).
828
Edward Kruk, «The Vital Importance of Paternal Presence in Children’s Lives», «Psychology Today», 23 ìàÿ 2012 ã., https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/co-parenting-after-divorce/201205/father-absence-father-deficit-father-hunger; Sheila Fitzgerald Krein and A. Beller, «Educational Attainment of Children from Single-Parent Families: Differences by Exposure, Gender, and Race», Demography, Vol. 25, Ìàé 1988, pp. 403–426.
829
David Autor, et al., «Family Disadvantage and the Gender Gap in Behavioral and Educational Outcomes», National Bureau of Economic Research, Ìàé 2016: «Ñðåäè ìîëîäûõ ëþäåé èç ñåìåé, ãäå ðîäèòåëè æåíàòû, çàíÿòîñòü ó ìóæ÷èí âûøå, ÷åì ó æåíùèí, ïðè ëþáîì óðîâíå äîõîäà; ñðåäè ìîëîäûõ ëþäåé èç ñåìåé, ãäå ðîäèòåëè íå æåíàòû, çàíÿòîñòü ó ìóæ÷èí â âîçðàñòå 30 ëåò âñåãäà ìåíüøå, ÷åì ó æåíùèí».
830
Kruk, «Vital Importance of Paternal Presence».
831
Richard V. Reeves, «Saving Horatio Alger: Equality, Opportunity, and the American Dream», Brookings Institution, Brookings Essay, 20 àâãóñòà 2014 ã., http://www.brookings.edu/research/essays/2014/saving-horatio-alger; Frank F. Furstenberg Jr. and Kathleen Mullan Harris, «When and Why Fathers Matter: Impacts of Father Involvement on the Children of Adolescent Mothers», â êí. «Young Unwed Fathers: Changing Roles and Emerging Policies», ed. Robert I. Lerman and Theodora J. Ooms (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1993), 127, 130. Ýòà ÷àñòü èññëåäîâàíèÿ îõâàòèëà âûáîðêó èç 253 äåòåé. Ó 15 % ñûíîâåé ìàòåðåé-ïîäðîñòêîâ, æèâøèõ â ãîðîäå, ê 19 ãîäàì áûëè ñîáñòâåííûå äåòè, îäíàêî ñðåäè íèõ íå áûëî íè îäíîãî þíîøè, ïîääåðæèâàâøåãî áëèçêèå îòíîøåíèÿ ñ ðîäíûì îòöîì; George A. Akerlof and Janet L. Yellen, «An Analysis of Out-of-Wedlock Births in the U.S»., Brookings Institution, îò÷åò, 1 àâãóñòà 1996 ã., https://www.brookings.edu/research/an-analysis-of-out-of-wedlock-births-in-the-united-states/; Sara McLanahan and Christopher Jecks, «Was Moynihan Right?» «Education Next» 15, ¹ 2 (Âåñíà 2015): http://educationnext.org/was-moynihan-right (ïî äàííûì National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System); Marianne Bertrand and Jessica Pan, «The Trouble with Boys: Social Influences and the Gender Gap in Disruptive Behavior», «American Economic Journal: Applied Economics» 5, ¹ 1 (2013): 32–64, doi: 10.1257/app.5.1.32.
832
Jablonska and Lindberg, «Risk Behaviours», 656–63.
833
Christoffersen, «Investigation of Fathers», chart 3.
834
D. A. Luepnitz, Child Custody (Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath, 1982), 112 ff125.
835
E. M. Hetherington, «Divorce: A Child’s Perspective», «American Psychologist» 34, ¹ 10 (1979): 831–58; Richard A. Warshak, «Father Custody and Child Development: A Review and Analysis of Psychological Research», «Behavioral Sciences & the Law» 4, ¹ 2 (1986): 190.
836
Mary Jo Coiro, Nicholas Zill, and Barbara Bloom, «Health of Our Nation’s Children», US Department of Health and Human Services, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, «Vital and Health Statistics», series 10, ¹ 191, Äåêàáðü 1994. Èññëåäîâàíèå îõâàòèëî âûáîðêó èç áîëåå ÷åì 122 000 ÷åëîâåê, â òîì ÷èñëå áîëåå 17 000 äåòåé (table 16, p. 49). Íåðåãóëÿðíî èëè ïîçäíî ëîæèëèñü ñïàòü 9 % äåòåé, æèâóùèõ ñ ðîäíûìè îòöàìè, è 33 % äåòåé, æèâóùèõ ñ ðîäíûìè ìàòåðÿìè.
837
Pruett, «Nurturing Male», 390. Èññëåäîâàíèå îõâàòèëî 1200 äåòåé îò 3 äî 5 ëåò.
838
Coiro, Zill, and Bloom, «Health of Our Nation’s Children».
839
Coiro, Zill, and Bloom, «Health of Our Nation’s Children», table 13, p. 43.
840
Malin Bergström, «Mental Health and Wellbeing in Children in Shared Parenting and Other Living Arrangements» (ïðåçåíòàöèÿ, Center for Health Equity Studies, Sweden, Îêòÿáðü 2014), http://www.divorcecorp.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Mental-Health-Wellbeing-in-Different-Living-Arrangements_Malin-Bergstrom.pdf. Èññëåäîâàíèå îõâàòèëî 1,444 äåòåé ñ ðîæäåíèÿ äî 18 ëåò.
841
Glynnis Walker, «Solomon’s Children» (New York: Arbor House, 1986), 27, 84–85.
842
K. Alison Clarke-Stewart and Craig Hayward, «Advantages of Father Custody and Contact for the Psychological Well-Being of School-Age Children», «Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology» 17, ¹ 2 (àïðåëü – èþíü 1996): 239–70, doi:10.1016/S0193-3973 (96)90027–1.
843
Christoffersen, «Investigation of Fathers», chart 4, «Psychosomatic Symptoms and Select Background Situations of the Parents».
844
Allan N. Schore, «All Our Sons: The Developmental Neurobiology and Neuroendocrinology of Boys at Risk», «Infant Mental Health Journal» 38, ¹ 1 (2017): 15–52, doi:10.1002/imhj.21616; Shellenbarger, «Roughhousing Lessons from Dad».
845
University of Chicago «Becoming a Man», Crime Lab, 2012, https://urbanlabs.uchicago.edu/projects/becoming-a-man.
846
Luepnitz, «Child Custody»; öèò. ïî Richard A. Warshak, «Father Custody and Child Development», 192.
847
US Department of Justice, «What Can the Federal Government Do to Decrease Crime and Revitalize Communities?» Panel Papers, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice, 1998, 11, https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles/172210.pdf.
848
Heather A. Turner, «The Effect of Lifetime Victimization on the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents», «Social Science & Medicine» 62, ¹ 1 (ÿíâàðü 2006): 13–27.
849
Èññëåäîâàíèå ïî äàííûì National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health; ñì. Chris Knoester and Dana L. Haynie, «Community Context, Social Integration into Family, and Youth Violence», «Journal of Marriage and Family» 67, ¹ 3 (2005): 767–80, doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2005.00168.x.
850
US Department of Justice, «What Can the Federal Government Do to Decrease Crime and Revitalize Communities?» Panel Papers, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice, 1998, 11, https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles/172210.pdf.
851
Cynthia C. Harper and Sara S. McLanahan, «Father Absence and Youth Incarceration», «Journal of Research on Adolescence» 14, ¹ 3 (Ñåíòÿáðü 2004): 369–97, doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2004.00079.x.
852
Harper and McLanahan, «Father Absence and Youth Incarceration».
853
Ñ ïîïðàâêîé íà ñåìåéíóþ èñòîðèþ ãèïåðòåíçèè, îæèðåíèå, âîçðàñò, çàíÿòîñòü, êóðåíèå, äèàáåò è ïð. Ñì. Todd Neale, «Two-Parent Homes Foster Lower BP in Black Males», «MedPage Today», 2 äåêàáðÿ 2013 ã., https://www.medpagetoday.com/cardiology/hypertension/43212.
854
Frank Furstenberg, «Destinies of the Disadvantaged: The Politics of Teen Childbearing» (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2007), 63.
855
George Radanovich, «The Last Trump Card for Conservatives: Helping the Fatherless Child», «The Hill», 21 äåêàáðÿ 2012 ã.
856
Elizabeth Marquardt et al., «My Daddy’s Name is Donor», (äîêëàä, Institute for American Values, New York, 2010), http://americanvalues.org/catalog/pdfs/Donor_FINAL.pdf.
857
Marquardt et al., «Daddy’s Name is Donor».
858
Marquardt et al., «Daddy’s Name is Donor».
859
Douglas A. Smith and G. Roger Jarjoura, «Social Structure and Criminal Victimization», «Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency» 25, ¹ 1 (Ôåâðàëü 1988): 27–52; Clarke-Stewart and Hayward, «Advantages of Father».
860
Raymond A. Knight and Robert A. Prentky, «The Developmental Antecedents of Adult Adaptions of Rapist Subtypes», «Criminal Justice and Behavior» 14, ¹ 4 (1987): 413–14, doi:10.1177/0093854887014004001. Íàéò è Ïðåíòêè íàçâàëè òàêóþ ÷åðòó íàñèëüíèêà «ñìåùåííûì ãíåâîì».
861
Jeremy Borden and Todd C. Frankel, «Dylann Roof’s Teenage Years Marked by Father’s Bitter Divorce», «Washington Post», 22 èþíÿ 2015 ã., https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/postnation/wp/2015/06/22/dylann-roofs-teenage-years-marked-by-fathers-bitter-divorce/?utm_term=.8747db60f456; Bradford Wilcox, «Sons of Divorce, School Shooters», http://www.aei.org/publication/sons-of-divorce-school-shooters/.
862
Francis Ianni, «The Search for Structure» (New York: Free Press, 1989).
863
Turner, «Effect of Lifetime Victimization».
864
Turner, «Effect of Lifetime Victimization».
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