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1
Hotchkiss, 2001.
2
Stenn, 1980.
3
Hotchkiss, 2001; Potter, Kaufmann, Blake and Feldman, 1984.
4
Potter, Kaufmann, Blake and Feldman, 1984.
5
Olsen, MacKinnon, Goulding, Bean and Slutsker, 2000; Mungai, Behravesh and Gould, 2015.
6
Pew Research Center, 2015.
7
Barber, 1961; Kuhn, 1962; Thagard, 1992.
8
Pew Research Center, 2009; Leiserowitz, Maibach, Roser-Renouf, Feinberg and Howe, 2013; Lewandowsky, Ecker, Seifert, Schwarz and Cook, 2012; Miller, Scott and Okamoto, 2006.
9
Galilei, 1632/1953.
10
Gopnik, 1997; Keil, 1992; Murphy and Medin, 1985; Wellman and Gelman, 1992.
11
Gopnik and Wellman, 2012.
12
Carey, 2009; Shtulman, 2008; Vosniadou, 1994a.
13
Evans and Lane, 2011; Gelman and Legare, 2011; Shtulman and Lombrozo, 2016.
14
Chi, Roscoe, Slotta, Roy and Chase, 2012; Wiser and Amin, 2001.
15
Carey, 1991; Nersessian, 1989; Vosniadou and Brewer, 1987.
16
Конан О’Брайен — американский комик. Прим. ред.
17
Jarrett, 2014; O’Connor, 2008.
18
Chi, 2005; Vosniadou, 1994a. Еще одна точка зрения представлена в: DiSessa, 2008.
19
Clark, D’Angelo and Schleigh, 2011; Eckstein and Kozhevnikov, 1997; Halloun and Hestenes, 1985; Howe, Tavares and Devine, 2012; Kaiser, Proffitt and McCloskey, 1985; Kaiser, McCloskey and Proffitt, 1986; Liu and MacIsaac, 2005.
20
Galilei, 1590/1960.
21
Kaiser, Jonides and Alexander, 1986; McCloskey, Caramazza and Green, 1980.
22
Piaget, 1929/2007; Opfer and Siegler, 2004; Stavy and Wax, 1989.
23
Babai, Sekal and Stavy, 2010; Goldberg and Thompson-Schill, 2009.
24
Shtulman and Harrington, 2015; Shtulman and Lombrozo, 2015; Shtulman and Valcarcel, 2012.
25
Chai-Elsholz, Carruthers and Silec, 2011.
26
Foisy, Potvin, Riopel and Masson, 2015; Masson, Potvin, Riopel and Foisy, 2014.
27
Buchholz, 2015.
28
Kahan et al., 2012.
29
Au et al., 2008.
30
Kempton, 1986.
31
McFerran and Mukhopadhyay, 2013.
32
Piaget, 1941/2000.
33
Elkind, 1961; Gottesman, 1973; Miller, 1973.
34
Siegler, DeLoache and Eisenberg, 2010.
35
Elkind, 1961.
36
Field, 1987.
37
Mermelstein and Meyer, 1969.
38
Brainerd and Allen, 1971; Field, 1987.
39
Toulmin and Goodfield, 1982.
40
Smith, 2007.
41
Smith, 2007.
42
Carey, 1991.
43
Kohn, 1993.
44
Hardy, Jonen, Moller and Stern, 2006; Kloos, Fisher and Van Orden, 2010; Rappolt-Schlichtmann, Tenenbaum, Koepke and Fischer, 2007.
45
Smith, Solomon and Carey, 2005.
46
Nakhleh, Samarapungavan and Saglam, 2005; Novick and Nussbaum, 1981.
47
Piaget, 1937/1954.
48
Diamond and Goldman-Rakic, 1989.
49
Diamond, 1985.
50
Baillargeon, Spelke and Wasserman, 1985.
51
Baillargeon, 1987.
52
Spelke, 1994.
53
Huntley-Fenner, Carey and Solimando, 2002; Rosenberg, 2008.
54
Mahajan, Barnes, Blanco and Santos, 2009.
55
Scholl, 2001.
56
Smith and Unger, 1997.
57
Smith, 2007; Smith, Maclin, Grosslight and Davis, 1997.
58
Moss and Case, 1999.
59
Shtulman and Valcarcel, 2012; Shtulman and Harrington, 2015.
60
Potvin, Masson, Lafortune and Cyr, 2015.
61
Shtulman (дата публикации неизвестна).
62
Bynum, 2012.
63
Middleton, 1971.
64
Wiser and Carey, 1983.
65
Wiser and Carey, 1983.
66
Fox, 1971.
67
Chiou and Anderson, 2010.
68
Chang and Linn, 2013; Erickson, 1979.
69
Erickson, 1979.
70
Clough and Driver, 1985; Clark, 2006.
71
Cross and Rotkin, 1975.
72
Corlett, Wilson and Corlett, 1995.
73
Slotta, Chi and Joram, 1995.
74
Chi, Slotta and De Leeuw, 1994.
75
Chi, Roscoe, Slotta, Roy and Chase, 2012; Slotta and Chi, 2006.
76
Slotta and Chi, 2006.
77
Hrepic, Zollman and Rebello, 2010.
78
Hrepic, Zollman and Rebello, 2010.
79
Mazens and Lautrey, 2003.
80
Mazens and Lautrey, 2004.
81
Barman, Barman and Miller, 1996.
82
Cottrell and Winer, 1994.
83
Lindberg, 1976.
84
Winer, Cottrell, Karefilaki and Gregg, 1996; Winer and Cottrell, 1996; Winer, Cottrell, Karefilaki and Chronister, 1996.
85
Gregg, Winer, Cottrell, Hedman and Fournier, 2001.
86
Reiner, Slotta, Chi and Resnick, 2000.
87
American Burn Association, 2013; Mayo Clinic, 2014; Dokov and Dokova, 2011.
88
Lewis and Linn, 1994.
89
Shtulman and Harrington, 2016; Kelemen, Rottman and Seston, 2013; Goldberg and Thompson-Schill, 2009.
90
Dunbar, Fugelsang and Stein, 2007; Foisy, Potvin, Riopel and Masson, 2015.
91
Masson, Potvin, Riopel and Foisy, 2014.
92
James, 1890/1950.
93
Spelke and Kinzler, 2007.
94
Spelke, Breinlinger, Macomber and Jacobson, 1992.
95
Needham and Baillargeon, 1993.
96
Baillargeon, Needham and DeVos, 1992.
97
Baillargeon and Hanko-Summers, 1990.
98
Krist, 2010.
99
Hespos and Baillargeon, 2008.
100
Spelke, 1994.
101
Mendes, Rakoczy and Call, 2008; Santos, 2004.
102
Cacchione and Krist, 2004.
103
Hood, 1995.
104
Hood, 1998; Hood, Santos and Fieselman, 2000.
105
Hood, Carey and Prasada, 2000.
106
Berthier, DeBlois, Poirier, Novak and Clifton, 2000; Shutts, Keen and Spelke, 2006.
107
Lee and Kuhlmeier, 2013.
108
Bascandziev and Harris, 2011; Hood, Wilson and Dyson, 2006.
109
Cacchione and Call, 2010; Hood, Hauser, Anderson and Santos, 1999; Osthaus, Slater and Lea, 2003.
110
Santos, 2004; Santos, Seelig and Hauser, 2006.
111
Cacchione, Call and Zingg, 2009.
112
Cacchione and Burkart, 2012; Santos and Hauser, 2002; Santos, Seelig and Hauser, 2006.
113
Hood, Hauser, Anderson, and Santos, 1999; Osthaus, Slater, and Lea, 2003.
114
Tomasello and Carpenter, 2007; Tomasello and Herrmann, 2010.
115
Jaswal, 2010.
116
Bascandziev and Harris, 2010; Joh, Jaswal and Keen, 2011.
117
Public Policy Polling, 2013.
118
Shermer, 2001.
119
Frappart, Raijmakers and Frède, 2014; Galili, 2001.
120
Blown and Bryce, 2013.
121
Готье Мецский — французский священник и поэт. Известен благодаря своей энциклопедической поэме «Картина мира», написанной в 1245 году. Прим. ред.
122
Альберт Саксонский — немецкий средневековый философ, логик, математик, механик и естествоиспытатель. Его перу принадлежат «Вопросы к четырем книгам Аристотеля о небе и мире», в которых были сформулированы шесть доводов в пользу движения Земли. Прим. ред.
123
Neurath, 1973.
124
Fischbein, Stavy and Ma-Naim, 1989; McCloskey, 1983b.
125
Champagne, Klopfer and Anderson, 1980; Halloun and Hestenes, 1985.
126
Eckstein and Kozhevnikov, 1997; Kaiser, Proffitt and McCloskey, 1985; McCloskey, 1983b.
127
Kaiser, McCloskey and Proffitt, 1986; McCloskey, Caramazza and Green, 1980.
128
Kaiser, Jonides and Alexander, 1986.
129
Clement, 1982; Palmer and Flanagan, 1997.
130
Clement, 1993; Minstrell, 1982.
131
McCloskey, 1983 b; Steinberg, Brown and Clement, 1990.
132
Clagett, 1961.
133
Steinberg, Brown and Clement, 1990.
134
McCloskey, 1983a.
135
Roser, Fugelsang, Handy, Dunbar and Gazzaniga, 2009.
136
Kaiser, Proffitt and Anderson, 1985.
137
Kaiser, Proffitt, Whelan and Hecht, 1992.
138
Howe, Tavares and Devine, 2012.
139
Kim and Spelke, 1999.
140
Freyd and Jones, 1994; Kozhevnikov and Hegarty, 2001.
141
Kim and Pak, 2002.
142
Masson and Vazquez-Abad, 2006; White, 1984.
143
Masson, Bub and Lalonde, 2011.
144
Miller, Lehman and Koedinger, 1999; Renken and Nunez, 2013; Zacharia and Olympiou, 2011.
145
Orwig, 2015.
146
Kirschner, Sweller and Clark, 2006.
147
Renken and Nunez, 2010; Klahr and Nigam, 2004.
148
Clement, 1993.
149
Clement, 1993.
150
Clement, Brown and Zietsman, 1989.
151
Андреа ДиСесса — профессор педагогики и автор книги Turtle Geometry («Геометрия черепахи»). Прим. ред.
152
DiSessa, 2008.
153
Harrison, 1981.
154
Couprie, 2011.
155
Nussbaum and Novak, 1976; Vosniadou and Brewer, 1992.
156
Vosniadou and Brewer, 1992, 1994; Vosniadou, Skopeliti and Ikospentaki, 2004, 2005; Diakidoy, Vosniadou and Hawks, 1997; Samarapungavan, Vosniadou and Brewer, 1996.
157
Vosniadou, 1994a.
158
Hannust and Kikas, 2010; Nobes, Martin and Panagiotaki, 2005.
159
Panagiotaki, Nobes and Banerjee, 2006; Straatemeier, van der Maas and Jansen, 2008; Vosniadou, Skopeliti and Ikospentaki, 2004.
160
Vosniadou, Skopeliti and Ikospentaki, 2005.
161
Hayes, Goodhew, Heit and Gillan, 2003.
162
Samarapungavan, Vosniadou and Brewer, 1996.
163
Diakidoy, Vosniadou and Hawks, 1997.
164
Vosniadou, 1994b.
165
Siegal, Butterworth and Newcombe, 2004.
166
Anscombe, 1959.
167
Vosniadou and Brewer, 1994.
168
Harlow, Swanson, Nylund-Gibson and Truxler, 2011.
169
Schneps, Sadler, Woll and Crouse, 1988.
170
Dunbar, Fugelsang and Stein, 2007.
171
Carbon, 2010.
172
Marshak, 2009.
173
Le Grand, 1988; Marvin, 1973; Oreskes, 1999.
174
Sclater, 1864.
175
Wegener, 1929/1966.
176
Oreskes, 1999.
177
Gould, 1992.
178
Willis, 1910.
179
Chamberlin, 1928.
180
Libarkin and Anderson, 2005.
181
Libarkin, Anderson, Dahl, Beilfuss, Boone and Kurdziel, 2005; Marques and Thompson, 1997.
182
Sanchez and Wiley, 2014.
183
Libarkin and Schneps, 2012.
184
Darwin, 1859.
185
Catley and Novick, 2009.
186
Lee, Liu, Price and Kendall, 2011; Trend, 2001.
187
National Science Board, 2014.
188
«Денни и Динозавр» — книга известного американского карикатуриста и автора детских произведений Сида Хоффа. Была опубликована в 1958 году издательством Harper & Brothers. Прим. ред.
189
Kolbert, 2006.
190
Lombardi and Sinatra, 2012.
191
Sheppard, 2015.
192
Donner and McDaniels, 2013.
193
Boyes and Stanisstreet, 1993; Punter, Ochando-Pardo and Garcia, 2011.
194
Skamp, Boyes and Stanisstreet, 2013.
195
Leiserowitz, Maibach, Roser-Renouf, Feinberg and Howe, 2013.
196
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine, 2016b.
197
Ranney and Clark, 2016.
198
Lewandowsky, Gignac and Vaughan, 2013; Myers, Maibach, Peters and Leiserowitz, 2015.
199
Cialdini and Goldstein, 2004; Shtulman, 2013.
200
Ding, Maibach, Zhao, Roser-Renouf and Leiserowitz, 2011; Van der Linden, Leiserowitz, Feinberg and Maibach, 2015.
201
Obama, 2015.
202
Callanan and Oakes, 1992.
203
Carey, 1985.
204
Bidet-Ildei, Kitromilides, Orliaguet, Pavlova and Gentaz, 2014; Kuhlmeier, Troje and Lee, 2010.
205
Anggoro, Waxman and Medin, 2008; Hatano, Siegler, Richards, Inagaki, Stavy and Wax, 1993; Piaget, 1929/2007.
206
Carey, 1988.
207
Carey, 1985; Gutheil, Vera and Keil, 1998; Herrmann, Waxman and Medin, 2010; Stavy and Wax, 1989.
208
Coley, 2012; Medin, Waxman, Woodring and Washinawatok, 2010; Ross, Medin, Coley and Atran, 2003.
209
Geerdts, Van de Walle and LoBue, 2015.
210
Стромингер, личная беседа.
211
Lazar and Torney-Purta, 1991; Panagiotaki, Nobes, Ashraf and Aubby, 2015; Speece and Brent, 1984; Slaughter and Griffiths, 2007.
212
Rosengren, Miller, Gutierrez, Chow, Schein and Anderson, 2014.
213
Rosengren, Miller, Gutierrez, Chow, Schein and Anderson, 2014; Poling and Hupp, 2008.
214
Astuti and Harris, 2008; Harris and Gimenez, 2005.
215
Bering, 2006.
216
«Дух в машине» — термин, введенный английским философом Гилбертом Райлом в работе «Понятие сознания» (1949) для обоснования своей критики субстанциального дуализма. Прим. ред.
217
Zaitchik, Iqbal and Carey, 2014.
218
Slaughter and Lyons, 2003.
219
Onion, 2010.
220
Slaughter and Griffiths, 2007.
221
Webb, 1993.
222
MacAvoy, 2015.
223
Bering, 2002.
224
Leddon, Waxman and Medin, 2011.
225
Coley, Medin, Proffitt, Lynch and Atran, 1999.
226
Shtulman (неопубликованные данные).
227
Goldberg and Thompson-Schill, 2009.
228
Zaitchik and Solomon, 2008.
229
Klavir and Leiser, 2002.
230
Bechtel and Richardson, 1998.
231
Inagaki and Hatano, 1993; Morris, Taplin and Gelman, 2000.
232
Anggoro, Waxman and Medin, 2008.
233
Inagaki and Hatano, 1996.
234
Opfer and Siegler, 2004.
235
Nguyen, McCullough and Noble, 2011.
236
Nguyen, McCullough and Noble, 2011.
237
Johnson and Carey, 1998.
238
Gripshover and Markman, 2013.
239
McFerran and Mukhopadhyay, 2013.
240
Livingston and Zylke, 2012.
241
McFerran and Mukhopadhyay, 2013.
242
Gelman and Wellman, 1991.
243
Astuti, Solomon and Carey, 2004; Atran, Medin, Lynch, Vapnarsky, Ek and Sousa, 2001; Sousa, Atran and Medin, 2002; Diesendruck and Haber, 2009; Waxman, Medin and Ross, 2007.
244
Diesendruck and Haber, 2009; Donovan, 2014; Haslam, Rothschild and Ernst, 2000; Kimel, Huesmann, Kunst and Halperin, 2016.
245
Meyer, Leslie, Gelman and Stilwell, 2013; Sanner, 2001.
246
Sylvia, 1997.
247
Carey, 1985.
248
Quoidbach, Gilbert and Wilson, 2013.
249
Priest, Bonfadelli and Rusanen, 2003.
250
Lusk, 2015.
251
Christensen, Jayaratne, Roberts, Kardia and Petty, 2010.
252
Rosenberg, Pritchard, Weber, Cann, Kidd, Zhivotovsky and Feldman, 2002.
253
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 1970.
254
Blancke, Van Breusegem, De Jaeger, Braeckman and Van Montagu, 2015; Dar-Nimrod and Heine, 2011.
255
Gelman and Wellman, 1991.
256
Dar-Nimrod and Heine, 2011; Kronberger, Wagner and Nagata, 2014.
257
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine, 2016a.
258
Johnson and Solomon, 1997.
259
Solomon, Johnson, Zaitchik and Carey, 1996.
260
Solomon, 2002.
261
Byers-Heinlein and Garcia, 2015.
262
Keil and Batterman, 1984.
263
Уэллс Г. Остров доктора Моро. М.: АСТ, 2007. Прим. ред.
264
Keil, 1992.
265
Keil, 1992.
266
Zaitchik and Solomon, 2008.
267
Springer, 1995.
268
Venville, Gribble and Donovan, 2005.
269
Duncan and Tseng, 2011.
270
Shea, 2015.
271
Dar-Nimrod, Cheung, Ruby and Heine, 2014.
272
Dar-Nimrod and Heine, 2006.
273
Spelke, 2005; Spencer, Steele and Quinn, 1999.
274
Wicker, Keysers, Plailly, Royet, Gallese and Rizzolatti, 2003.
275
Schaller, Miller, Gervais, Yager and Chen, 2010.
276
Curtis, Aunger and Rabie, 2004.
277
Haidt, McCauley and Rozin, 1994.
278
Rozin, Millman and Nemeroff, 1986.
279
Stevenson, Oaten, Case, Repacholi and Wagland, 2010.
280
Widen and Russell, 2013.
281
Fallon, Rozin and Pliner, 1984.
282
Rozin, Fallon and Augustoni-Ziskind, 1985.
283
Dawson, Han, Cox, Black and Simmons, 2007.
284
Heinrich, 1999.
285
Rozin, 1990.
286
Thagard, 1999.
287
Miton, Claidiere and Mercier, 2015.
288
Johnson, 2007.
289
Lederberg, 2000; Thagard, 1999.
290
Au, Sidle and Rollins, 1993; Blacker and LoBue, 2016; Kalish, 1996; Siegal and Share, 1990; Springer, Nguyen and Samaniego, 1996.
291
DeJesus, Shutts and Kinzler, 2015.
292
Solomon and Cassimatis, 1999.
293
Raman and Gelman, 2005.
294
Zuger, 2003.
295
Au, Chan, Chan, Cheung, Ho and Ip, 2008.
296
Zamora, Romo and Au, 2006.
297
Bearon and Koenig, 1990.
298
Legare and Gelman, 2008; Legare and Gelman, 2009.
299
Nguyen and Rosengren, 2004; Raman and Gelman, 2004.
300
Raman and Winer, 2004.
301
Cancer Research UK, 2015.
302
Mayr, 1982.
303
Gregory, 2009; Mayr, 1982.
304
Darwin, 1859.
305
Gould, 1996; Mayr, 2001.
306
Bowler, 1992.
307
Dobzhansky, 1973.
308
Shtulman, 2006; Shtulman and Calabi, 2013; Shtulman and Schulz, 2008.
309
Gregory, 2009; Shtulman and Calabi, 2012.
310
Bishop and Anderson, 1990; Shtulman, 2006; Ware and Gelman, 2014.
311
Roughgarden, 2004.
312
Lack, 1947/1983.
313
Медиана — число, характеризующее выборку (например, набор чисел). Если все элементы выборки различны, то медиана — это такое число выборки, что ровно половина из элементов выборки больше него, а другая половина меньше него. Прим. ред.
314
Andersen, 1844/1981.
315
Gelman, Ware and Kleinberg, 2010.
316
Shtulman and Schulz, 2008.
317
Emmons and Kelemen, 2015.
318
Onion, 2015.
319
Millman and Smith, 1997; Gruber, 1981.
320
Zimmerman and Cuddington, 2007.
321
Shtulman and Valcarcel, 2012.
322
Shtulman, 2014.
323
Зуйки — род куликов семейства ржанковых, распространенных на всех материках кроме Антарктиды.
Губанчики — род лучеперых рыб семейства губановых, распространенных в Индийском и Тихом океанах. Прим. ред.
324
De Waal, 2006.
325
Brulliard, 2016.
326
National Science Teachers Association, 2013.
327
Berkman and Plutzer, 2011; Mead and Mates, 2009.
328
Evans, Spiegel, Gram, Frazier, Tare, Thompson and Diamond, 2010; Opfer, Nehm and Ha, 2012.
329
Catley, Novick and Shade, 2010; Shtulman, 2006.
330
Анагенез — адаптивные преобразования организмов, ведущие к общему усовершенствованию их строения и функционирования и открывающие путь к дальнейшей прогрессивной эволюции всей филогенетической ветви. Прим. ред.
331
Кладогенез — эволюционный процесс, в ходе которого из одной группы организмов (вида) формируются несколько родственных. Кладогенез отличается от видообразования тем, что включает всякое увеличение разнообразия в процессе эволюции. Прим. ред.
332
Poling and Evans, 2004; Shtulman, 2006.
333
Gould, 1997.
334
Catley and Novick, 2008; MacDonald and Wiley, 2012.
335
Секвенирование нуклеиновых кислот — ДНК и РНК — это определение их аминокислотной или нуклеотидной последовательности. В результате секвенирования перекрывающихся участков ДНК получают последовательности участков генов, целых генов, тотальной матричной РНК и даже полных геномов организмов. Прим. ред.
336
Meir, Perry, Herron and Kingsolver, 2007; Novick and Catley, 2007; Phillips, Novick, Catley and Funk, 2012.
337
Catley and Novick, 2008; MacDonald and Wiley, 2012.
338
Tufte, 2001.
339
MacDonald and Wiley, 2012; MacFadden, Oviedo, Seymour and Ellis, 2012.
340
Mayr, 2001.
341
Shtulman and Checa, 2012.
342
Gould, 1997.
343
Mora, Tittensor, Adl, Simpson and Worm, 2011.
344
Pennisi, 2003.
345
Филогенетика, или филогенетическая систематика — область биологической систематики, которая занимается выявлением и прояснением эволюционных взаимоотношений среди разных видов жизни на Земле, как современных, так и вымерших. Прим. ред.
346
Evans, 2001; Kelemen, 2004; Samarapungavan and Wiers, 1997.
347
Miller, Scott and Okamoto, 2006; Gervais, 2015; Poling and Evans, 2004.
348
Heddy and Nadelson, 2012.
349
Heddy and Nadelson, 2013.
350
IFLScience, 2015.
351
Berkman and Plutzer, 2011.
352
Mayr, 1982.
353
Darwin, 1844.
354
Newport, 2010.
355
Newport, 2010.
356
Pemberton, Gingras and MacEachern, 2007.
357
Thagard, 2014.
358
Chi, Slotta and De Leeuw, 1994; Chi, Roscoe, Slotta, Roy and Chase, 2012.
359
Biederman and Shiffrar, 1987.
360
McNeil, Fyfe and Dunwiddie, 2015.
361
Rozenblit and Keil, 2002; Mills and Keil, 2004; Keil, 2003.
362
Lawson, 2006.
363
Keynes, 1936.
364
Riedel, 2005.
365
Orenstein, Papania and Wharton, 2004.
366
Centers for Disease Control, 2015.
367
National Conference of State Legislatures, 2016; Horne, Powell, Hummel and Holyoak, 2015.
368
Kuo, 2012.
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