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1
Сальберг П. Финские уроки. История успеха реформ школьного образования в Финляндии. — М.: Классика-XXI, Арт-транзит, 2015.
2
В современной Финляндии обязательное девятилетнее образование включает в себя шесть классов младшей общеобразовательной ступени (начальная школа) и три класса старшей общеобразовательной ступени (младшая средняя школа). — Здесь и далее, за исключением специально оговоренных случаев, прим. ред.
3
Лемов Д. Мастерство учителя. Проверенные методики выдающихся преподавателей. — М.: Манн, Иванов и Фербер, 2015.
4
Имена всех учеников, которые упоминаются в этой книге, изменены. — Прим. авт.
5
Эта оценка является аналогом русской отметки 3.
6
Лоув Р. Последний ребенок в лесу. — М.: Добрая книга, 2007.
7
Имеется в виду средневековый обычай, бытовавший в Швеции (частью которой тогда являлась Финляндия), Дании, Норвегии и Германии: дабы простой народ мог спокойно отметить Рождество, 24 декабря особым королевским указом прекращались любые военные действия и на 20 дней объявлялся Рождественский мир. И сегодня, отдавая дань традиции, в канун праздника на площадях финских городов зачитывают текст этого указа.
8
В финских школах практикуется модульное обучение — способ организации учебного процесса на основе блочно-модульного представления учебной информации.
1
Hargreaves, A. and Shirley, D. (2012). The Global Fourth Way. The quest for educational excellence. Thousand Oaks: Corwin.
2
OECD (2001). Knowledge and Skills for Life. First results from PISA 2000. Paris: OECD.
3
Sahlberg, P. (2015). Finnish Lessons 2.0: What can the world learn from educational change in Finland. New York: Teachers College Press.
4
Allianssi (2016). Nuorista Suomessa. Helsinki: Allianssi.
5
Sahlberg, P. (2015). Finnish Lessons 2.0: What can the world learn from educational change in Finland? [Kindle Reader version]. Retrieved from Amazon.com.
6
Lemov, D. (2015). Teach like a champion 2.0: 62 techniques that put students on the path to college [Kindle Reader version, р. 442]. Retrieved from Amazon.com.
7
Seppälä, E. (2016). The happiness track: How to apply the science of happiness to accelerate your success [Kindle Reader version, р. 8]. Retrieved from Amazon.com.
8
Raghunathan, R. (2016). If you’re so smart, why aren’t you happy? [Kindle Reader version]. Retrieved from Amazon.com.
9
Pinsker, J. (2016, April 26). Why so many smart people aren’t happy. The Atlantic. Retrieved October 20, 2016, from http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/04/why-so-many-smart-people-arent-happy/479832/.
10
Seppälä, E. (2016). The happiness track: How to apply the science of happiness to accelerate your success [Kindle Reader version, р. 1]. Retrieved from Amazon.com.
11
Там же, р. 7.
12
National Center for Children in Poverty. (2016). Child poverty. Retrieved July 15, 2016, from http://www.nccp.org/topics/child-poverty.html.
13
Pellegrini, A. (2005, March 21). Give children a break. Project Syndicate. Retrieved on October 27, 2016, from https://www.projectsyndicate.org/commentary/give-children-a-break.
14
Там же.
15
Там же.
16
Turner, S. (2013, October 18). TCU professor launches «pilot» program on recess at Starpoint School. TCU 360. Retrieved October 20, 2016, from https://www.tcu360.com/story/18744tcu-professor-launches-pilot-program-recess-starpoint-school/.
17
Connelly, C. (2016, January 3). Turns out monkey bars and kickball might be good for the brain. National Public Radio. Retrieved October 19, 2016, from http://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2016/01/03/460254858/turns-out-monkey-bars-and-kickball-are-good-for-the-brain.
18
Schwartz, K. (2014, October 6). Why daydreaming is critical to effective learning. Mindshift. Retrieved October 20, 2016, from https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2014/10/06/why-daydreaming-is-critical-to-efective-learning/.
19
Schulte, B. (2014). Overwhelmed: Work, love, and play when no one has the time. [Kindle Reader version]. Retrieved from Amazon.com.
20
Deruy, E. (2016, May 20). Does mindfulness actually work in schools? The Atlantic. Retrieved October 20, 2016, from http://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2016/05/testing-mindfulness-in-the-early-years/483749/.
21
Walker, T. (2015, January 9). Finnish schools are on the move — and America’s need to catch up. The Atlantic. Retrieved October 20, 2016, from http://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2015/01/fnnish-schools-are-on-the-moveand-americas-need-to-catch-up/384358/.
22
Там же.
23
Там же.
24
Там же.
25
Там же.
26
Там же.
27
Liikkuva Koulu. (n.d.). More active and pleasant school days, brochure. Retrieved October 20, 2016, from http://www.liikkuvakoulu.fi/filebank/2342-Liikkuvakoulu_yleisesite_en_web.pdf.
28
Walker, T. (2016c, September 29). The ticking clock of teacher burnout. The Atlantic. Retrieved on October 22, 2016, from http://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2016/09/the-ticking-clock-of-us-teacher-burnout/502253.
29
Walker, T. (2016b, October 7). The disproportionate stress plaguing American teachers. Retrieved on October 22, 2016, from http://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2016/10/the-disproportionate-stress-plaguing-american-teachers/503219.
30
Fisher, A. V., Godwin, K. E., amp; Seltman, H. (2014). Visual environment, attention allocation, and learning in young children: when too much of a good thing may be bad. Psychological Science 25 (7), 1362–1370.
31
Hoffman, J. (2014, June 9). Rethinking the colorful kindergarten classroom. Well. Retrieved October 20, 2016, from http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/06/09/rethinking-the-colorful-kindergarten-classroom/?_r=0.
32
Там же.
33
Там же.
34
Walker, T. (2014, June 30.) How Finland keeps kids focused through free play. The Atlantic. Retrieved on October 22, 2016, from http://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2014/06/how-finland-keeps-kids-focused/373544.
35
Allen, J. G., MacNaughton, P., Satish, U., Santanam, S., Vallarino, J., amp; Spengler, J. D. (2016). Associations of cognitive function scores with carbon dioxide, ventilation, and volatile organic compound exposures in office workers: A controlled exposure study of green and conventional office environments. Environmental Health Perspectives, 124 (6), 805–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510037.
36
Cheryan, S., Ziegler, S. A., Plaut, V. C., amp; Meltzof, A. N. (2014). Designing classrooms to maximize student achievement. Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 1 (1), 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2372732214548677.
37
Sage Publications. (2014, November 4). Researchers recommend features of classroom design to maximize student achievement [Press release]. Retrieved September 22, 2016, from https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/press/researchers-recommend-features-of-classroom-design-to-maximize-student-achievement-0.
38
Там же.
39
Louv, R. (2008). Last child in the woods: Saving our children from nature-deficit disorder. Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin Books, р. 205.
40
Louv, R. (2011). The nature principle: Human restoration and the end of nature-deficit disorder. Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin Books.
41
Louv, R. (2008). Last child in the woods: Saving our children from nature-deficit disorder. Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin Books.
42
Walker, T. (2016a, September 15). Kindergarten, naturally. The Atlantic. Retrieved on October 22, 2016, from http://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2016/09/kindergarten-naturally/500138.
43
Цит. по: Walker, T. (2016a, September 15). Kindergarten, naturally. The Atlantic. Retrieved on October 22, 2016, from http://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2016/09/kindergarten-naturally/500138.
44
Walker, T. (2016a, September 15). Kindergarten, naturally. The Atlantic. Retrieved on October 22, 2016, from http://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2016/09/kindergarten-naturally/500138.
45
Цит. по: Louv, R. (2008). Last child in the woods: Saving our children from nature-deficit disorder. Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin Books, р. 203.
46
Там же.
47
Там же, р. 219.
48
Finnish National Board of Education. (2016). National core curriculum for basic education 2014. Helsinki: Next Print, р. 31.
49
Khazan, O. (2016, July 21). How noise pollution impairs learning. The Atlantic. Retrieved October 20, 2016, from http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2016/07/toddlers-and-noise/492164.
50
Deruy, E. (2016, May 20). Does mindfulness actually work in schools? The Atlantic. Retrieved October 20, 2016, from http://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2016/05/testing-mindfulness-in-the-early-years/483749.
51
Schonert-Reichl, K. A., Oberle, E., Lawlor, M. S., Abbott, D., Thomson, K., Oberlander, T. F., amp; Diamond, A. (2015). Enhancing cognitive and socio-emotional development through a simple-toadminister mindfulness-based school program for elementary school children: A randomized control trial. Developmental Psychology, 51 (1), 52–66.
52
Davis, L. C. (2015, August 31). When mindfulness meets the classroom. The Atlantic. Retrieved October 20, 2016, from http://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2015/08/mindfulness-education-schools-meditation/402469.
53
Там же.
54
Jennings, P. A. (2015). Mindfulness for teachers: Simple skills for peace and productivity in the classroom. New York: Norton, р. 176.
55
Там же, р. 177.
56
Там же, р. 178.
57
Там же, р. 176.
58
Pinsker, J. (2016, April 26). Why so many smart people aren’t happy. The Atlantic. Retrieved October 20, 2016, from http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/04/why-so-many-smart-people-arent-happy/479832.
59
Wong, H. K., amp; Wong, R. T. (2009). The first days of school: How to be an effective teacher. Mountain View, CA: Harry K. Wong, р. 2.
60
Там же, р. 6.
61
Ferlazzo, L. (2016, August 8). Response: starting the new year by ‘building relationships’. Education Week Teacher. Retrieved on October 23, 2016, from http://blogs.edweek.org/teachers/classroom_qa_with_larry_ferlazzo/2016/08/ respse_starting_the_new_year_by_building_relationships.html.
62
Miller, D. (2002). Reading with meaning. Portland, ME: Stenhouse, р. 74.
63
Khamsi, R. (2016, May 15). Bullies have a trump card. Slate. Retrieved October 20, 2016, from http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/science/2016/05/anti_bullying_programs_might_not_work_as_well_for_popular_bullies_like_donald.html.
64
Там же.
65
Ring, E. (2016, June 10). Anti-bullying programme focused on changing bystander behaviour should be in Irish schools. Irish Examiner. Retrieved October 20, 2016, from http://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/anti-bullying-programme-focused-on-changing-bystander-behaviour-should-be-in-irish-schools-404099.html.
66
Там же.
67
Pinsker, J. (2016, April 26). Why so many smart people aren’t happy. The Atlantic. Retrieved October 20, 2016, from http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/04/why-so-many-smart-people-arent-happy/479832.
68
Halinen, I. (2015, March 25). What is going on in Finland? Curriculum reform 2016. Retrieved October 20, 2016, from http://www.oph.fi/english/current_issues/101/0/what_is_going_on_in_fnland_curriculum_reform_2016.
69
Ferlazzo, L. (in press). Education Week Teacher.
70
Там же.
71
Lemov, D. (2015). Teach like a champion 2.0: 62 techniques that put students on the path to college [Kindle Reader version, р. 161]. Retrieved from Amazon.com.
72
Там же, р. 162.
73
Там же.
74
Там же.
75
Halinen, I. (2015, March 25). What is going on in Finland? Curriculum reform 2016. Retrieved October 20, 2016, from http://www.oph.fi/english/current_issues/101/0/what_is_going_on_in_fnland_curriculum_reform_2016.
76
Walker, T. (2016d, September 1). Where sixth-graders run their own city. The Atlantic. Retrieved on October 42, 2016, from http://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2016/09/where-sixth-graders-run-their-own-city/498257.
77
Там же.
78
Там же.
79
Sahlberg, P. (2015). Finnish Lessons 2.0: What can the world learn from educational change in Finland? [Kindle Reader version, сhapter 1, loc. 1215–1228]. Retrieved from Amazon.com.
80
Там же, сhapter 1, loc. 1232.
81
Raghunathan, R. (2016). If you’re so smart, why aren’t you happy? [Kindle Reader version]. Retrieved from Amazon.com.
82
Anderson, M. (2010). The well-balanced teacher: How to work smarter and stay sane inside the classroom and out. Alexandria, VA: ASCD, рр. 85–86.
83
Там же, р. 86.
84
OECD (Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development). (2015, September 15). New approach needed to deliver on technology’s potential in schools. Retrieved September 27, 2016, from http://www.oecd.org/education/new-approach-needed-todeliver-on-technologys-potential-in-schools.htm.
85
Там же.
86
Richardson, W. (2016, July 12). The digital ordinary. Retrieved October 20, 2016, from http://willrichardson.com/the-digital-ordinary.
87
APA (American Psychological Association). (2014, August 8). Musical training offsets some academic achievement gaps, research says. Science Daily. Retrieved September 22, 2016, from https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140808110024.htm.
88
Там же.
89
Цит. по: Schiff, S. (2016, July 11). A singing Harvard mathematician on using music to convince your kid they love math. Fatherly. Retrieved October 20, 2016, from https://www.fatherly.com/activities/music-activities/how-to-teach-kids-math-using-music.
90
Ferlazzo, L. (in press). Education Week Teacher.
91
Там же.
92
Moss, C. M., amp; Brookhart, S. M. (2012). Learning targets: Helping students aim for understanding in today’s lesson. Alexandria, VA: ASCD, р. 3.
93
Там же, р. 39.
94
Там же, р. 38.
95
Там же, р. 39.
96
Там же, р. 40.
97
Sahlberg, P. (2015). Finnish Lessons 2.0: What can the world learn from educational change in Finland? [Kindle Reader version]. Retrieved from Amazon.com.
98
Там же, сhapter 1, loc. 1083.
99
Strauss, V., and Sahlberg, P. (2014, March 24). The brainy questions on Finland’s only high-stakes standardized test. The Washington Post. Retrieved September 27, 2016, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2014/03/24/the-brainy-questions-on-fnlands-only-high-stakes-standardized-test.
100
Pinsker, J. (2016, April 26). Why so many smart people aren’t happy. The Atlantic. Retrieved October 20, 2016, from http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/04/why-so-many-smart-people-arent-happy/479832.
101
Raghunathan, R. (2016). If you’re so smart, why aren’t you happy? [Kindle Reader version, р. 242]. Retrieved from Amazon.com.
102
Там же.
103
Цит. по: Cherry, K. (2016b, May 6). What is flow? Very Well. Retrieved October 20, 2016, from https://www.verywell.com/what-is-flow-2794768.
104
Cherry, K. (2016a, March 15). Five ways to achieve flow. Very Well. Retrieved October 20, 2016, from https://www.verywell.com/ways-to-achieve-flow-2794769; Cherry, K. (2016b, May 6). What is flow? Very Well. Retrieved October 20, 2016, from https://www.verywell.com/what-is-flow-2794768.
105
Там же.
106
Там же.
107
Raghunathan, R. (2016). If you’re so smart, why aren’t you happy? [Kindle Reader version, р. 77]. Retrieved from Amazon.com.
108
Там же.
109
Там же.
110
Elmers, J., amp; Kneyber, R. (Eds.). (2016). Flip the system: Changing education from the ground up. London: Routledge, рр. 176–177.
111
Hargreaves, A., amp; Shirley, D. (2012). The global fourth way: The quest for educational excellence [Kindle Reader version, р. 51]. Retrieved from Amazon.com.
112
Schulte, B. (2014). Overwhelmed: Work, love, and play when no one has the time. [Kindle Reader version, р. 91]. Retrieved from Amazon.com.
113
Adler, A. (2015, April 30). Gross national happiness and positive education in Bhutan. IPEN Blog. Retrieved October 20, 2016, from http://www.ipositive-education.net/gross-national-happinessand-positive-education-in-bhutan/; Parker, O. (2016, July 11). Should happiness be part of the school curriculum? The Telegraph. Retrieved October 20, 2016, from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/2016/07/11/should-happiness-be-part-of-the-school-curriculum.
114
Adler, A. (2015, April 30). Gross national happiness and positive education in Bhutan. IPEN Blog. Retrieved October 20, 2016, from http://www.ipositive-education.net/gross-national-happinessand-positive-education-in-bhutan.
115
Raghunathan, R. (2016). If you’re so smart, why aren’t you happy? [Kindle Reader version]. Retrieved from Amazon.com.
116
Pinsker, J. (2016, April 26). Why so many smart people aren’t happy. The Atlantic. Retrieved October 20, 2016, from http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/04/why-so-many-smart-people-arent-happy/479832.
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