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1
MGTOW (àíãë. Men Going Their Own Way — «ìóæ÷èíû, èäóùèå ñâîèì ïóòåì») — ñîîáùåñòâî, äåéñòâóþùåå ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî â èíòåðíåòå è ïðîäâèãàþùåå îòäåëåíèå ìóæ÷èí îò æåíùèí è îò îáùåñòâà, êîòîðîå ñ÷èòàåòñÿ èñïîð÷åííûì ôåìèíèçìîì. Ïðèì. ðåä.
2
Äæîðäàí Ïèòåðñîí (ð. 1962) — ïðîôåññîð ïñèõîëîãèè â Óíèâåðñèòåòå Òîðîíòî, ïèñàòåëü, àâòîð êàíàëîâ YouTube.  2016 ã. ïîäâåðã êðèòèêå çàêîíîïðîåêò ïàðëàìåíòà Êàíàäû îá îáÿçàòåëüíîì èñïîëüçîâàíèè ãåíäåðíî íåéòðàëüíûõ ìåñòîèìåíèé ïî îòíîøåíèþ ê òðàíñãåíäåðíûì ëþäÿì, íàçâàâ çàêîíîäàòåëüíîå ðåãóëèðîâàíèå ðå÷è ôàøèçìîì, ÷åì ñïðîâîöèðîâàë áóðíóþ îáùåñòâåííóþ äèñêóññèþ. Ïðèì. ðåä.
3
Àìåðèêàíñêàÿ ñèñòåìà øêîëüíîãî îáðàçîâàíèÿ äåëèòñÿ íà òðè óðîâíÿ: íà÷àëüíàÿ øêîëà — ñ äîøêîëüíîãî îáðàçîâàíèÿ äî ïÿòîãî êëàññà, ñðåäíÿÿ øêîëà — ñ øåñòîãî ïî âîñüìîé êëàññû è ñòàðøàÿ øêîëà — ñ äåâÿòîãî ïî äâåíàäöàòûé. Ïðèì. ïåð.
4
Heilman, Barker, and Harrison, “The Man Box.”
5
Undem and Wang, “The State of Gender Equality for U.S. Adolescents.”
6
Heilman, Barker, and Harrison, “The Man Box.” Ñì. òàêæå Gallagher and Parrot, “What Accounts for Men’s Hostile Attitudes Toward Women?”
7
Pollack, Real Boys; Kimmel, Guyland.
8
Porter, “A Call to Men”; Heilman, Barker, and Harrison, “The Man Box.” Ñì. òàêæå American Psychological Association, Boys and Men Guidelines Group, “Guidelines for Psychological Practice with Boys and Men.”
9
Heilman, Barker, and Harrison, “The Man Box”; June Gruber and Jessica Borelli, “The Importance of Fostering Emotional Diversity in Boys,” Scientific American, December 12, 2017, https://tinyurl.com/y92mk2xg; Baugher and Gazmararian, “Masculine Gender Role Stress and Violence”; Wong, Ringo Ho, Wang, et al., “Meta-Analyses of the Relationship Between Conformity to Masculine Norms and Mental Health-Related Outcomes”; Alia E. Dastagir, “Gender Stereotypes are Destroying Girls, and They’re Killing Boys,” USA Today, September 21, 2017, https://tinyurl.com/yae8qajo; American Psychological Association, “Sexism May Be Harmful to Men’s Mental Health”; Lutz-Zois, Moler, and Brown, “Mechanisms for the Association between Traditional Masculine Ideologies and Rape Myth Acceptance Among College Men”; Gallagher and Parrot, “What Accounts for Men’s Hostile Attitudes Toward Women?”
10
Pollack, Real Boys; Kimmel calls it the “Guy Code” in Guyland.
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Pollack, Real Boys; Kimmel calls it the “Guy Code” in Guyland.
12
Weinberg, Tronick, Cohn, et al., “Gender Differences in Emotional Expressivity and Self-Regulation During Early Infancy.” Ñì. òàêæå Brody, “The Socialization of Gender Differences in Emotional Expression.”
13
Condry and Condry, “Sex Differences.” Åñëè ðåñïîíäåíòàì ãîâîðèëè, ÷òî ýòî äåâî÷êà, ýìîöèþ ÷àùå îïèñûâàëè êàê «ñòðàõ».  àíàëîãè÷íîé ñèòóàöèè ñ äåòüìè äîøêîëüíîãî âîçðàñòà ïî îòíîøåíèþ ê ìàëü÷èêàì ýìîöèþ ÷àùå îïèñûâàëè êàê «ðàçäðàæåíèå», à ïî îòíîøåíèþ ê äåâî÷êàì — êàê «ñòðàõ». Widen and Russell, “Gender and Preschoolers’ Perception of Emotion.”
14
van der Pol, Groeneveld, van Berkel, et al., “Fathers’ and Mothers’ Emotion Talk with Their Girls and Boys from Toddlerhood to Preschool Age”; Johnson, Caskey, Rand, et al., “Gender Differences in Adult-Infant Communication in the First Months of Life”; Aznar and Tenenbaum, “Spanish Parents’ Emotion Talk and Their Children’s Understanding of Emotion.”
15
Gruber and Borelli, “The Importance of Fostering Emotional Diversity in Boys.”
16
Kristina Dell, “Mothers Talk Differently to Daughters than Sons: Study,” Time, November 13, 2014, https://tinyurl.com/y2fcwxos; van der Pol, Groeneveld, van Berkel, et al., “Fathers’ and Mothers’ Emotion Talk with Their Girls and Boys from Toddlerhood to Preschool Age.”
17
Noah Berlatsky, “How Boys Teach Each Other to Be Boys,” The Atlantic, June 6, 2014, https://tinyurl.com/y3rnb8mj; Vicki Zakrzewski, “Debunking the Myths About Boys and Emotions,” Greatergood.com, December 1, 2014, https://tinyurl.com/y45audg3.
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Blum, Mmari, and Moreau, “It Begins at 10: How Gender Expectations Shape Early Adolescence Around the World.”
19
Pollack, Real Boys. Ñì. òàêæå Way, Deep Secrets.
20
Molly Babel, Grant McGuire, and Joseph King, “Toward a More Nuanced View of Vocal Attractiveness,” PLoS ONE, February 19, 2014, https://tinyurl.com/y5u474ng.
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Gruber and Borelli, “The Importance of Fostering Emotional Diversity in Boys.”
22
Lauren Bans, “Bawl So Hard,” GQ, June 8, 2015, https://tinyurl.com/y6alzpt4.
23
Michael A. Schottey, “The Rules for Crying in Sports,” Askmen.com, https://tinyurl.com/y4228smf.
24
Wong, Steinfeldt, LaFollette, et al., “Men’s Tears.” Ñì. òàêæå Jared DeFife, “The Crying Game: Male Athletes Shedding Tears,” Psychology Today, January 14, 2012, https://tinyurl.com/y5la566s.
25
Lipsyte, “Jocks vs. Pukes,” The Nation, July 27, 2011, https://goo.gl/eoxXfF.
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Lipsyte, “Jocks vs. Pukes,” The Nation, July 27, 2011, https://goo.gl/eoxXfF.
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Lipsyte, “Jocks vs. Pukes,” The Nation, July 27, 2011, https://goo.gl/eoxXfF. Ñì. òàêæå Steinfeldt, Foltz, Mungro, et al., “Masculinity Socialization in Sports”.
28
Pascoe, Dude, You’re a Fag. Ñì. òàêæå Funk and Werhun, “‘You’re Such a Girl!’”
29
Paula Lavigne, “OTL: College Athletes Three Times More Likely to Be Named in Title IX Sexual Misconduct Complaints,” ESPN.com, November 3, 2018, https://tinyurl.com/y5urjnbm.
30
Shreya Chattopadhyay and Trina Paul, “2013 DU Minutes, Past Members Provide Window into Culture of Frat,” The Phoenix, May 2, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y689j7bl; Julie Turkewitz, “Swarthmore Fraternities Disband After Uproar Over ‘Rape Attic’ Documents,” New York Times, May 1, 2019, A19; Bayliss Wagner, Naomi Park, Trina Paul, et al., “Cult of Misogyny: Leaked Internal Documents Reveal Silence Around Harmful Culture at Phi Psi,” The Phoenix, April 18, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y2cjzym7. Ïîäðîáíåå î õàðàêòåðèñòèêàõ ñîîáùåñòâ, îòëè÷àþùèõñÿ âûñîêîðèñêîâàííûì ïîâåäåíèåì, ñì. Boswell and Spade, “Fraternities and Collegiate Rape Culture.”
31
Jeanna Bryner, “Study Reveals Why We Laugh at Disgusting Jokes,” Live Science, August 10, 2010, https://tinyurl.com/yykeeqsa.
32
Thompson, Raising Cain. Ñì. òàêæå Kimmel, Guyland.
33
Óíèâåðñèòåòû Áîëüøîé äåñÿòêè (àíãë. Big Ten Universities) — ñîîáùåñòâî èç äåñÿòè âåäóùèõ ãîñóäàðñòâåííûõ óíèâåðñèòåòîâ ÑØÀ, îðãàíèçîâàííîå â 1895 ãîäó, â íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ âêëþ÷àåò 14 óíèâåðñèòåòîâ. Ïðèì. ðåä.
34
Äàðêíåò — àíîíèìíàÿ è íåêîíòðîëèðóåìàÿ ÷àñòü èíòåðíåòà, íåäîñòóïíàÿ îáû÷íûì ïîèñêîâûì ñèñòåìàì. Îí ðàáîòàåò äåöåíòðàëèçîâàííî, äîñòóï ê íåìó îñóùåñòâëÿåòñÿ ÷åðåç ñïåöèàëüíûå áðàóçåðû, êîòîðûå ìàðøðóòèçèðóþò çàøèôðîâàííûå ñîîáùåíèÿ ÷åðåç íåñêîëüêî ñåðâåðîâ, ÷òîáû çàìàñêèðîâàòü ìåñòîïîëîæåíèå ïîëüçîâàòåëÿ. Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ïîëüçîâàòåëè ìîãóò ñîõðàíÿòü ïðàêòè÷åñêè ïîëíóþ àíîíèìíîñòü. Ïðèì. ïåð.
35
Åñòü äàæå âûñòóïëåíèå TED Talk ïîä íàçâàíèåì “The Great Porn Experiment.”
36
Pornhub Insights, “2018 Year in Review,” Pornhub, December 11, 2018.
37
David Auerbach, “Vampire Porn: MindGeek Is a Cautionary Tale of Consolidating Production and Distribution in a Single, Monopolistic Owner,” Slate, October 23, 2014, https://goo.gl/5CNtjn.
38
Abby Young-Powell, “Students Turn to Porn for Sex Education,” Guardian, January 29, 2015, https://goo.gl/WMrqf8.
39
Herbenick, Paul, Gradus, et al., The 2016 National Survey of Porn Use, Relationships, and Sexual Socialization.
40
Herbenick, Paul, Gradus, et al., The 2016 National Survey of Porn Use, Relationships, and Sexual Socialization.
41
Ñì., íàïðèìåð, Wolak, Mitchell, and Finkelhor, “Unwanted and Wanted Exposure to Online Pornography in a National Sample of Youth Internet Users.”
42
Ñì. Sabina, Wolak, and Finkelhor, “The Nature and Dynamics of Internet Pornography Exposure for Youth.”
43
Dill-Shackleford, How Fantasy Becomes Reality.
44
Dill-Shackleford, How Fantasy Becomes Reality.
45
Dill-Shackleford, How Fantasy Becomes Reality.
46
Wright and Randall, “Pornography Consumption, Education, and Support for Same-Sex Marriage Among Adult U.S. Males.” Ñì. òàêæå Regnerus, “Porn Use and Support of Same-Sex Marriage.”
47
Wright and Funk, “Pornography Consumption and Opposition to Affirmative Action for Women.”
48
Undem and Wang, “The State of Gender Equality for U.S. Adolescents.”
49
Martellozzo, Monaghan, Adler, et al., “‘… I Wasn’t Sure It Was Normal to Watch It …” Ïî ðåçóëüòàòàì äðóãèõ èññëåäîâàíèé, ïàðíè ñ÷èòàþò èíòåðíåò-ïîðíîãðàôèþ áîëåå ðåàëèñòè÷íîé, ÷åì äåâóøêè, è ïîäðîñòêàì îíà êàæåòñÿ áîëåå ðåàëèñòè÷íîé, ÷åì ìîëîäûì ëþäÿì. Peter and Valkenburg, “Adolescents’ Exposure to a Sexualized Media Environment and Their Notions of Women as Sex Objects”; Peter and Valkenberg, “Adolescents’ Exposure to Sexually Explicit Online Material and Recreational Attitudes Toward Sex.”
50
O’Hara, Gibbons, Gerrard, et al., “Greater Exposure to Sexual Content in Popular Movies Predicts Earlier Sexual Debut and Increased Sexual Risk Taking”; Wright, Malamuth, and Donnerstein, “Research on Sex in the Media”; Bersamin, Bourdeau, Fisher, et al., “Television Use, Sexual Behavior, and Relationship Status at Last Oral Sex and Vaginal Intercourse”; Fisher, Hill, Grube, et al., “Televised Sexual Content and Parental Mediation”; Primack, Douglas, Fine, et al., “Exposure to Sexual Lyrics and Sexual Experience Among Urban Adolescents”; Brown, L’Engle, Pardun, et al., “Sexy Media Matter”; Zhang, Miller, and Harrison, “The Relationship Between Exposure to Sexual Music Videos and Young Adults’ Sexual Attitudes”; Ward and Friedman, “Using TV as a Guide”; Ward, Hansbrough, and Walker, “Contributions of Music Video Exposure to Black Adolescents’ Gender and Sexual Schemas”; Ward, “Understanding the Role of Entertainment Media in the Sexual Socialization of American Youth”; Brown, “Mass Media Influences on Sexuality”; Klein, Brown, Childers, et al., “Adolescents’ Risky Behavior and Mass Media Use.”
51
American College of Pediatricians, “The Impact of Pornography on Children,” position statement, June 2016, https://goo.gl/kMokhA; Katherine Sellgren, “Pornography ‘Desensitising Young People’,” BBC.com, June 15, 2016, https://goo.gl/WzDeKP; Bridges, Sun, and Ezzell, “Sexual Scripts and the Sexual Behavior of Men and Women Who Use Pornography”; Sun, Johnson, and Ezzell, “Pornography and the Male Sexual Script”; Wright, “A Three-Wave Longitudinal Analysis of Preexisting Beliefs, Exposure to Pornography, and Attitude Change”; Braun-Courville and Rojas, “Exposure to Sexually Explicit Web Sites and Adolescent Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors”; Carroll, Padilla-Walker, Nelson, et al., “Generation XXX”; Peter and Valkenburg, “Adolescents’ Exposure to a Sexualized Media Environment and Their Notions of Women as Sex Objects”; Maas, “The Influence of Internet Pornography on College Students”; Peter and Valkenburg, “Adolescents’ Exposure to Sexually Explicit Online Material and Recreational Attitudes Toward Sex”; Bonino, Ciairano, Rabaglietti, et al., “Use of Pornography and Self-Reported Engagement in Sexual Violence Among Adolescents.”
52
Herbenick, Reece, Schick, et al., “Sexual Behavior in the United States.” Ñì. òàêæå Susan Donaldson James, “Study Reports Anal Sex on Rise Among Teens,” ABC News, December 10, 2008, https://tinyurl.com/y3cpcd53; Bahar Gholipour, “Teen Anal Sex Study,” Live Science, August 14, 2014, https://goo.gl/iUiV3o.
53
Leichliter, Chandra, Liddon, et al., “Prevalence and Correlates of Heterosexual Anal and Oral Sex in Adolescents and Adults in the United States.”
54
Marston and Lewis, “Anal Heterosex Among Young People and Implications for Health Promotion: a Qualitative Study in the UK.”
55
«Àãðåññèâíîå ïîâåäåíèå» âêëþ÷àåò âûäèðàíèå âîëîñ, îñòàâëåíèå ñèíÿêîâ èëè ññàäèí, ýÿêóëÿöèþ íà ëèöî, ñâÿçûâàíèå, äâîéíîå ïðîíèêíîâåíèå (ïðîíèêíîâåíèå â àíóñ èëè âàãèíó ïàðòíåðøè îäíîâðåìåííî ñ òðåòüèì ïàðòíåðîì), àíàëüíîå ïðîíèêíîâåíèå ñ ïîñëåäóþùèì îðàëüíûì, ïðèìåíåíèå êëÿïà, ïîùå÷èíû, óäóøåíèå, èñïîëüçîâàíèå íåöåíçóðíîé ëåêñèêè. Wright, Tokunaga, and Kraus, “Pornography Consumption and Satisfaction”; Wright, Sun, Steffen, et al., “Pornography, Alcohol, and Male Sexual Dominance.”
56
Wright and Tokunaga, “Activating the Centerfold Syndrome”; Wright, “Show Me the Data!”
57
Brosi, Foubert, Bannon, et al., “Effects of Women’s Pornography Use on Bystander Intervention in a Sexual Assault Situation and Rape Myth Acceptance”; Wright and Tokunaga, “Men’s Objectifying Media Consumption, Objectification of Women, and Attitudes Supportive of Violence Against Women”; Brown and L’Engle, “X — Rated: Sexual Attitudes and Behaviors Associated with U.S. Early Adolescents’ Exposure to Sexually Explicit Media”; Hald, Malamuth, and Lange, “Pornography and Sexist Attitudes Among Heterosexuals”; Foubert, Brosi, and Bannon, “Pornography Viewing Among Fraternity Men.”
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Wright, Bridges, Sun, et al., “Personal Pornography Viewing and Sexual Satisfaction”; Wright, Steffen, and Sun, “Is the Relationship Between Pornography Consumption Frequency and Lower Sexual Satisfaction Curvilinear?”; Wright, Tokunaga, Kraus, et al., “Pornography Consumption and Satisfaction”; Wright, Sun, Steffen, et al., “Associative Pathways Between Pornography Consumption and Reduced Sexual Satisfaction”; Morgan, “Associations Between Young Adults’ Use of Sexually Explicit Materials and Their Sexual Preferences, Behaviors, and Satisfaction.”
59
Melissa Batchelor Warnke, “Millennials Are Having Less Sex than Any Generation in 60 years. Here’s Why it Matters,” Los Angeles Times, Aug 3, 2016, https://goo.gl/7ZpEcz; Dave Simpson, “Why Millennials Aren’t Fucking,” Vice, April 26, 2016, https://goo.gl/Nu6mvw.
60
Nagoski, Come as You Are.
61
Nagoski, Come as You Are.
62
John Eligon and Michael Schwirtz, “Senate Candidate Provokes Ire With ‘Legitimate Rape’ Comment,” New York Times, August 20, 2012, A13; Garance Franke-Ruta, “A Canard That Will Not Die: ‘Legitimate Rape’ Doesn’t Cause Pregnancy,” The Atlantic, August 19, 2012, https://tinyurl.com/y3qcm9kl.
63
Mark Shrayber, “Here’s the Dangerous and Grotesque Anal Sex Trend You’ve Always Wanted,” Jezebel, June 19, 2014, https://tinyurl.com/y3rlzkyn.
64
Bryant Paul, author interview, December 7, 2017.
65
Sarah Rense, “The Human Race Really Outdid Itself with Porn Searches in 2018,” December 12, 2018, https://goo.gl/n9VT7r.
66
Hustler («Õàñòëåð») — åæåìåñÿ÷íûé ïîðíîãðàôè÷åñêèé æóðíàë äëÿ ìóæ÷èí, èçäàþùèéñÿ â ÑØÀ. Ïåðâûé íîìåð âûïóùåí â 1974 ãîäó Ëàððè Ôëèíòîì. Maxim — ìåæäóíàðîäíûé ìóæñêîé (ñ ýëåìåíòàìè ýðîòèêè) æóðíàë, èìåþùèé â òîì ÷èñëå è ðóññêóþ âåðñèþ. Îñíîâàí â Âåëèêîáðèòàíèè â 1995 ãîäó. Èçäàåòñÿ â 24 ñòðàíàõ ìèðà. Ïðèì. ðåä.
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Gamble, “From Sexual Media to Unwanted Hookups”; Ana Bridges, “Some Pornography Scenes Are Wholesome, Others Degrading,” New York Times, November 11, 2012, https://goo.gl/NN467B; Eyal and Finnerty, “The Portrayal of Sexual Intercourse on Television”; Eyal and Kunkel, “The Effects of Sex in Television Drama Shows on Emerging Adults’ Sexual Attitudes and Moral Judgments”; Kim, Sorsoli, Collins, et al., “From Sex to Sexuality”; Martino, Collins, Elliott, et al., “Exposure to Degrading Versus Nondegrading Music Lyrics and Sexual Behavior Among Youth.”
68
Davies, Spencer, Quinn, et al., “Consuming Images.”
69
Milburn, Mather, and Conrad, “The Effects of Viewing R-rated Movie Scenes That Objectify Women on Perceptions of Date Rape.”
70
Rudman and Borgida, “The Afterglow of Construct Accessibility.”
71
Ïî ñèñòåìå ðåéòèíãîâ Àìåðèêàíñêîé êèíîàññîöèàöèè: ðåéòèíã G — General audiences. Ôèëüì äåìîíñòðèðóåòñÿ áåç îãðàíè÷åíèé. Äàííûé ðåéòèíã ïîêàçûâàåò, ÷òî îöåíåííûé ôèëüì íå ñîäåðæèò íè÷åãî, ÷òî áîëüøèíñòâî ðîäèòåëåé ìîãëî áû ïîñ÷èòàòü íåïðèåìëåìûì äëÿ ïðîñìîòðà èëè ïðîñëóøèâàíèÿ äàæå ñàìûìè ìàëåíüêèìè äåòüìè. Ðåéòèíã R — Restricted. Ëèöà, íå äîñòèãøèå 17-ëåòíåãî âîçðàñòà, äîïóñêàþòñÿ íà ôèëüì òîëüêî â ñîïðîâîæäåíèè îäíîãî èç ðîäèòåëåé ëèáî çàêîííîãî ïðåäñòàâèòåëÿ. Ìîæåò áûòü íàçíà÷åí èç-çà ÷àñòîãî óïîòðåáëåíèÿ íåïðèñòîéíîé ëåêñèêè, ïðîäîëæèòåëüíûõ ñöåí íàñèëèÿ, ïîëîâîãî àêòà èëè óïîòðåáëåíèÿ íàðêîòèêîâ. Ïðèì. ðåä.
72
Stacy L. Smith and Crystal Allene Cook, “Gender Stereotypes: An Analysis of Popular Films and TV,” The Geena Davis Institute on Gender in Media, 2008, https://tinyurl/com/jdr33g6.
73
Brent Lang, “Movies Featured More Female Protagonists in 2018, but It’s Not All Good News (Study),” Variety, February 19, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y6xeulgz.
74
Horvath, Hegarty, Tyler, et al., “‘Lights on at the End of the Party.’” Among college students, regular readership has also been associated with lower intent to seek sexual consent or adhere to decisions about it. Hust, Marett, Ren, et al., “Establishing and Adhering to Sexual Consent.”
75
Îòñûëêà ê áåñòñåëëåðó Ãèëëèàí Ôëèíí «Èñ÷åçíóâøàÿ». Ïðèì. ðåä.
76
«Âîëê ñ Óîëë-ñòðèò» (àíãë. The Wolf of Wall Street) — àìåðèêàíñêàÿ ÷åðíàÿ êèíîêîìåäèÿ ðåæèññåðà Ìàðòèíà Ñêîðñåçå ñ Ëåîíàðäî Äè Êàïðèî â ãëàâíîé ðîëè. Ïðèì. ðåä.
77
«Êðåìíèåâàÿ äîëèíà» (àíãë. Silicon Valley) — àìåðèêàíñêèé êîìåäèéíûé ñåðèàë, ñîçäàííûé Äýéâîì Êðèíñêè, Äæîíîì Àëüòøóëåðîì è Ìàéêîì Äæàäæåì î áèçíåñå â Êðåìíèåâîé äîëèíå. Ïðèì. ðåä.
78
«Ìèëëèàðäû» (àíãë. Billions) — àìåðèêàíñêèé äðàìàòè÷åñêèé òåëåñåðèàë ñ Äýìèýíîì Ëüþèñîì è Ïîëîì Äæàìàòòè â ãëàâíûõ ðîëÿõ. Ïðèì. ðåä.
79
Undem and Wang, “The State of Gender Equality for U.S. Adolescents.”
80
Undem and Wang, “The State of Gender Equality for U.S. Adolescents.”
81
«Áëóäëèâàÿ Êàëèôîðíèÿ» (àíãë. Californication, îò àíãë. California — øòàò Êàëèôîðíèÿ, Fornication — áëóä, âíåáðà÷íàÿ ñâÿçü) — àìåðèêàíñêèé òåëåñåðèàë ïðîèçâîäñòâà òåëåêàíàëà Showtime, ïîâåñòâóþùèé î æèçíè ïèñàòåëÿ Õýíêà Ìóäè, ðîëü êîòîðîãî èñïîëíèë Äýâèä Äóõîâíû. Âûõîäèë â 2007–2014 ãîäàõ. Ïðèì. ðåä.
82
«Àìåðèêàíñêàÿ ñåìåéêà» (àíãë. Modern Family) — àìåðèêàíñêèé êîìåäèéíûé òåëåâèçèîííûé ñåðèàë. Ïðåìüåðà ñåðèàëà ñîñòîÿëàñü â 2009 ãîäó íà òåëåêàíàëå ABC. Ïðèì. ðåä.
83
Sonia Elks, “‘I Will Rape You’: Female Journalists Face ‘Relentless’ Abuse,” Reuters, September 13, 2018, https://tinyurl.com/yyeavs2r.
84
Bègue, Sarda, Gentile, et al., “Video Games Exposure and Sexism in a Representative Sample of Adolescents”; Stermer and Burkley, “SeX — Box”; Beck, Boys, Rose, et al., “Violence Against Women in Video Games”; Dill, Brown, and Collins, “Effects of Exposure to Sex-Stereotyped Video Game Characters on Tolerance of Sexual Harassment.”
85
Yao, Mahood, and Linz, “Sexual Priming, Gender Stereotyping, and Likelihood to Sexually Harass.”
86
Rose, The Hip Hop Wars. Ñì. òàêæå Sharpley-Whiting, Pimps Up, Ho’s Down.
87
Rose, The Hip Hop Wars. Ñì. òàêæå Sharpley-Whiting, Pimps Up, Ho’s Down. Ñì. òàêæå Rose, “Jay-Z— Dropping the Word ‘Bitch’ Doesn’t Begin to Cover It”; Frank Benton, “Getting a Bad Rap: Misogynistic Themes in YouTube’s Top 100 Most Viewed Pop and HipHop/Rap Music Videos by Artists’ Gender,” CLA Journal 3 (2015): 11–35; Aubrey and Frisby, “Sexual Objectification in Music Videos.”
88
Mathis, “Dear Kanye West: North and Chicago Are Not Your Karma,” Bitch Media, June 12, 2018, https://tinyurl.com/yblb52o9.
89
Brian Wu, “Does Marijuana Cause Erectile Dysfunction?” Medical News Today, August 9, 2018, https://tinyurl.com/y3yplxcb.
90
Äæóäèò Áàòëåð (ð. 1956) — àìåðèêàíñêèé ôèëîñîô, ïðåäñòàâèòåëüíèöà ïîñòñòðóêòóðàëèçìà, îêàçàâøàÿ ñóùåñòâåííîå âëèÿíèå íà âîïðîñû ôåìèíèçìà, êâèð-òåîðèè, ïîëèòè÷åñêîé ôèëîñîôèè è ýòèêè. Ïðèì. ðåä.
91
 2015 ãîäó ñòóäåíò Ñòýíôîðäñêîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà Áðîê Òåðíåð áûë ïðèçíàí âèíîâíûì â «ñåêñóàëüíîì ïðîíèêíîâåíèè» ïî îòíîøåíèþ ê æåíùèíå, íàõîäèâøåéñÿ â áåññîçíàòåëüíîì ñîñòîÿíèè, è â íàìåðåíèè ñîâåðøèòü èçíàñèëîâàíèå. Äåëî âûçâàëî øèðîêèé ðåçîíàíñ â ÑØÀ. Òåðíåð áûë ïðèãîâîðåí ê øåñòè ìåñÿöàì òþðåìíîãî çàêëþ÷åíèÿ, íî âûøåë èç òþðüìû ÷åðåç òðè ìåñÿöà ïîñëå ïðèãîâîðà çà õîðîøåå ïîâåäåíèå. Ïðèì. ðåä.
92
High school and college students are: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Fewer U.S. High School Students Having Sex, Using Drugs,” Centers for Disease Control News Room Press Release, June 14, 2018.
93
Ford and England, “Hookups, Sex, and Relationships at College.”
94
Ford and England, “Hookups, Sex, and Relationships at College.”
95
Ñì. Wade, American Hookup; Kuperberg and Padgett, “The Role of Culture in Explaining College Students’ Selection into Hookups, Dates, and Long — Term Romantic Relationships”; Armstrong and Hamilton, Paying for the Party.
96
Wade, American Hookup. Ñì. òàêæå Fordham News, “Sex and the Soul and the College Student,” September 29, 2014, https://tinyurl.com/yxespk3n.
97
Wade, American Hookup.
98
Wade, American Hookup.
99
Abbey, “Alcohol’s Role in Sexual Violence Perpetration”; Davis, “The Influence of Alcohol Expectancies and Intoxication on Men’s Aggressive Unprotected Sexual Intentions”; Foubert, Newberry, and Tatum, “Behavior Differences Seven Months Later”; Carr and VanDeusen, “Risk Factors for Male Sexual Aggression on College Campuses”; Abbey, Clinton-Sherrod, McAuslan, et al., “The Relationship Between the Quantity of Alcohol Consumed and the Severity of Sexual Assaults Committed by College Men”; Norris, Davis, George, et al., “Alcohol’s Direct and Indirect Effects on Men’s Self-Reported Sexual Aggression Likelihood”; Abbey, Zawacki, Buck, et al., “Alcohol and Sexual Assault”; Norris, George, Davis, et al., “Alcohol and Hypermasculinity as Determinants of Men’s Empathic Responses to Violent Pornography.”
100
Abbey, “Alcohol’s Role in Sexual Violence Perpetration”; Orchowski, Berkowitz, Boggis, et al., “Bystander Intervention Among College Men.”
101
Ford and England, “Hookups, Sex, and Relationships in College.”
102
Ford and England, “Hookups, Sex, and Relationships in College.”
103
Bedera and Rothwell, “Emotional Intimacy and Sex”; Nicole Bedera, author interview, September 29, 2017.
104
Wade, American Hookup. Ñì. òàêæå Kalish, “Masculinities and Hooking Up.”
105
Áðàòüÿ-ýñêèìîñû — ïàðíè, êîòîðûå ïåðåñïàëè ñ îäíîé è òîé æå äåâóøêîé. Ïðèì. ïåð.
106
Wade, American Hookup.
107
England, Shafer, and Fogarty, “Hooking Up and Forming Romantic Relationships on Today’s College Campuses”; Armstrong, England, and Fogarty, “Accounting for Women’s Orgasm and Sexual Enjoyment in College Hookups and Relationships”; Armstrong, Hamilton, and England, “Is Hooking Up Bad for Young Women?”
108
 öåëîì ïðåäïîëàãàåòñÿ, ÷òî ãåíäåðíîå ñîîòíîøåíèå â ñòóäåí÷åñêîì êàìïóñå âëèÿåò íà âîñïðèÿòèå ñåêñà. Society for Personality and Social Psychology, “Imbalanced Gender Ratios Could Affect Views About Casual Sex and Hook-Up Culture,” ScienceDaily, December 9, 2015, https://tinyurl.com/y5we5c76.
109
Schalet, Not Under My Roof.
110
Giordano, Longmore, and Manning, “Gender and the Meanings of Adolescent Romantic Relationships”; Giordano, “Relationships in Adolescence.”
111
“Dating Abuse Statistics,” Love Is Respect, https://tinyurl.com/y3n2f9wt.
112
Wake Forest University, “Young Men More Vulnerable to Relationship Ups and Downs than Women,” Science-Daily, June 14, 2010, https://tinyurl.com/y2wmm3ow.
113
Wade, American Hookup.
114
Áëàíø Äþáóà — ãåðîèíÿ ïüåñû Òåííåññè Óèëüÿìñà «Òðàìâàé “Æåëàíèå”». Ïðèì. ðåä.
115
“Attitudes on Same-Sex Marriage,” Pew Research Center, May 14, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/yxjjm2ro.
116
“Attitudes on Same-Sex Marriage,” Pew Research Center, May 14, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/yxjjm2ro.
117
Kitt Carpenter, “Gay Men Used to Earn Less than Straight Men; Now They Earn More,” Harvard Business Review, December 4, 2017, https://tinyurl.com/y9w8cqtj.
118
American Friends of Tel Aviv University, “Age of ‘Coming Out’ Is Now Dramatically Younger,” ScienceDaily, October 11, 2011, https://tinyurl.com/y4x94jxd.
119
Harris Poll, “Accelerating Acceptance 2017,” Los Angeles: GLAAD, 2017, https://tinyurl.com/yx8w98zu. Ñì. òàêæå Human Rights Campaign, “Growing UP LGBT,” Report, Washington, DC: Human Rights Campaign, 2012, https://tinyurl.com/y69yoz5a. 12% ìèëëåíèàëîâ èäåíòèôèöèðóþò ñåáÿ êàê òðàíñãåíäåðîâ, òî åñòü «íå îòîæäåñòâëÿþò ñâîé ïîë ñ áèîëîãè÷åñêèì èëè èõ ãåíäåðíîå ïðîÿâëåíèå îòëè÷àåòñÿ îò òðàäèöèîííûõ îæèäàíèé îò ìàñêóëèííîñòè èëè ôåìèííîñòè». Èç íèõ 63% òàêæå íå èäåíòèôèöèðóþò ñåáÿ êàê ãåòåðîñåêñóàëîâ.
120
Harris Poll, “Accelerating Acceptance 2017.”
121
“STDs in Adolescents and Young Adults,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, https://tinyurl.com/y6yfzt9b.
122
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “HIV and Youth,” September 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y5cs425y; National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, “National Youth HIV and AIDS Awareness Day,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, April 9, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/yyuzl8bx.
123
Ari Shapiro, “Why Men in Mississippi Are Still Dying of AIDS, Despite Existing Treatments,” All Things Considered, National Public Radio, February 14, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y37l6lup.
124
“GLSEN Calls for LGBTQ — Inclusive Sex Ed,” Press Release, New York: GLSEN, 2015.
125
Rosenberger, Reece, Schick, et al., “Sexual Behaviors and Situational Characteristics of Most Recent Male-Partnered Sexual Event among Gay and Bisexually Identified Men in the United States.”
126
Kendall, “Educating Gay Male Youth.”
127
Wade, American Hookup; Lamont, Roach, and Kahn, “Navigating Campus Hookup Culture.”
128
Halberstam, Trans*; Trey Taylor, “Why 2015 Was the Year of Trans Visibility,” Vogue, December 29, 2015, https://tinyurl.com/y2xv7wfq.
129
Êåéòëèí Äæåííåð — àìåðèêàíñêàÿ òåëåçâåçäà.  ïðîøëîì — Áðþñ Äæåííåð, ñïîðòñìåí-ëåãêîàòëåò, ïîëó÷èë ìåæäóíàðîäíóþ èçâåñòíîñòü êàê äåñÿòèáîðåö. Ïîñëå ðàçâîäà ñ æåíîé â 2015 ãîäó ñîâåðøèë êàìèíã-àóò êàê òðàíñãåíäåðíàÿ æåíùèíà. Ðÿä íîâîñòíûõ èçäàíèé íàçûâàëè Êåéòëèí Äæåííåð ñàìûì èçâåñòíûì òðàíñãåíäåðíûì ÷åëîâåêîì â ìèðå. Ïðèì. ðåä.
130
Ëàâåðíà Êîêñ — àìåðèêàíñêàÿ àêòðèñà, ïðîäþñåð è ËÃÁÒ-àêòèâèñòêà. Â 2014 ãîäó àêòðèñà âîøëà â èñòîðèþ, ñòàâ ïåðâîé òðàíñãåíäåðíîé æåíùèíîé, ïîÿâèâøåéñÿ íà îáëîæêå æóðíàëà Time. Ïðèì. ðåä.
131
Dawn Ennis, “American Medical Association Responds to ‘Epidemic’ of Violence Against Transgender Community,’ Forbes, June 15, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y4b6gxnt.
132
Sandy E. James, Jody Herman, Susan Rankin, et al., “The Report of the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey,” Washington, DC: National Center for Transgender Equality, 2016. 36% îïðîøåííûõ òðàíñãåíäåðíûõ ìóæ÷èí ïåðåíåñëè îïåðàöèþ ïî óìåíüøåíèþ ãðóäè, à 3% — ôàëëîïëàñòèêó. Åùå 2% ïåðåíåñëè ìåòîèäèîïëàñòèêó, êîòîðàÿ ïðåäïîëàãàåò ñîçäàíèå ôàëëîñà èç êëèòîðà. 14% ïåðåíåñëè ãèñòåðýêòîìèþ. Õîòÿ, ñîãëàñíî îïðîñó, åùå 61% çàÿâèëè, ÷òî õîòåëè áû ñäåëàòü îïåðàöèþ íà ãðóäè, à åùå 57% — ãèñòåðýêòîìèþ; 19% ïðèçíàëèñü, ÷òî õîòåëè áû ôàëëîïëàñòèêó, à åùå 25% — ìåòîèäèîïëàñòèêó.
133
Êâèð (àíãë. queer) — ñîáèðàòåëüíûé òåðìèí, èñïîëüçóåìûé äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ ÷åëîâåêà, îòíîñÿùåãîñÿ ê ñåêñóàëüíûì ìåíüøèíñòâàì, òî åñòü òîãî, ÷üÿ ñåêñóàëüíîñòü îòëè÷àåòñÿ îò îáùåñòâåííîãî áîëüøèíñòâà. Ïðèì. ðåä.
134
Angie Leventis Lourgos, “Parents Often Struggle to Talk About Sex with LGBTQ Teens: Northwestern Study,” Chicago Tribune, April 9, 2018, https://tinyurl.com/y3vwbn46.
135
Angie Leventis Lourgos, “Parents Often Struggle to Talk About Sex with LGBTQ Teens: Northwestern Study,” Chicago Tribune, April 9, 2018, https://tinyurl.com/y3vwbn46.
136
Emily Tate, “Graduation Rates and Race,” Inside Higher Ed, April 26, 2017, https://tinyurl.com/y9eqb6do. Ñì. òàêæå American Psychological Association, Presidential Task Force on Educational Disparities, “Ethnic and Racial Disparities in Education: Psychology’s Contributions to Understanding and Reducing Disparities,” Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2012, https://tinyurl.com/mxtg59u.
137
Armstrong and Hamilton, Paying for the Party.
138
Armstrong and Hamilton, Paying for the Party.
139
Emily Badger, Claire Cain Miller, Adam Pearce, et al., “Extensive Data Shows Punishing Reach of Racism for Black Boys,” New York Times, March 19, 2018, https://tinyurl.com/y3m34pp7.
140
Ispa-Landa, “Gender, Race, and Jusboysandsex_tifications for Group Exclusion.” Ñì. òàêæå Holland, “Only Here for the Day.”
141
Ôðåäåðèê Äóãëàñ (1818–1895) — àìåðèêàíñêèé ïèñàòåëü, ïðîñâåòèòåëü, àáîëèöèîíèñò. Îäèí èç èçâåñòíåéøèõ áîðöîâ çà ïðàâà ÷åðíîêîæåãî íàñåëåíèÿ Àìåðèêè, ðóêîâîäèòåëü íåãðèòÿíñêîãî îñâîáîäèòåëüíîãî äâèæåíèÿ. Êîðíåë Óýñò (ð. 1953) — àìåðèêàíñêèé ôèëîñîô, ïèñàòåëü, áîãîñëîâ, àêòåð, áîðåö çà ãðàæäàíñêèå ïðàâà. Çíà÷èòåëüíàÿ ÷àñòü òðóäîâ Óýñòà ïîñâÿùåíà ïðîáëåìàì ðàñû, ïîëà è êëàññà â àìåðèêàíñêîì îáùåñòâå. Ïðèì. ðåä.
142
Kimmel, Guyland. Ñì. òàêæå West, Race Matters.
143
«Ëþáîâü — áîëåçíü» (àíãë. The Big Sick) — àìåðèêàíñêàÿ ïîëóàâòîáèîãðàôè÷åñêàÿ ðîìàíòè÷åñêàÿ êîìåäèÿ ðåæèññåðà Ìàéêëà Øîóîëòåðà. Ôèëüì ñòàë ñàìûì êàññîâûì íåçàâèñèìûì ôèëüìîì â 2017 ãîäó. Ïðèì. ðåä.
144
Aditi Natasha Kini, “I’m Tired of Watching Brown Men Fall in Love with White Women Onscreen,” Jezebel, July 6, 2017, https://tinyurl.com/y3enxas3; Amil Niazi, “‘The Big Sick’ Is Great, and It’s Also Stereotypical Toward Brown Women,” Vice, July 7, 2017, https://tinyurl.com/yyjy9yuk.
145
K-pop (îò àíãë. Korean pop) — ìóçûêàëüíûé æàíð, âîçíèêøèé â Þæíîé Êîðåå è âîáðàâøèé â ñåáÿ ýëåìåíòû çàïàäíîãî ýëåêòðîïîïà, õèï-õîïà, òàíöåâàëüíîé ìóçûêè è ñîâðåìåííîãî ðèòì-í-áëþçà; ïðåâðàòèëñÿ â ìàñøòàáíóþ ìóçûêàëüíóþ ñóáêóëüòóðó ñ ìèëëèîíàìè ïîêëîííèêîâ âî âñåì ìèðå. Ïðèì. ðåä.
146
Ãåíðè Ãîëäèíã — àíãëî-ìàëàéçèéñêèé àêòåð, ìîäåëü è òåëåâåäóùèé. Ïîëó÷èë ïîïóëÿðíîñòü áëàãîäàðÿ ðîëè â ôèëüìå «Áåçóìíî áîãàòûå àçèàòû». Ðîññ Áàòëåð — àìåðèêàíñêèé àêòåð. Íàèáîëåå èçâåñòåí ïî ðîëè Áðåòòà â ôèëüìå Disney Channel «Êåé Ñè. Ïîä ïðèêðûòèåì». Äýíèåë Äý Êèì — àìåðèêàíñêèé àêòåð è ïðîäþñåð êîðåéñêîãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ, ïðîñëàâèâøèéñÿ áëàãîäàðÿ ðîëè Äæèíà Êâîíà â ñåðèàëå «Îñòàòüñÿ â æèâûõ». Ïðèì. ðåä.
147
“Race and Attraction, 2009–2014,” OkCupid, September 9, 2014, https://tinyurl.com/ktbxmgt; The Daily Show with Trevor Noah, “Sexual Racism,” Comedy Central, April 12, 2016, https://tinyurl.com/zt53dbc.
148
Gretchen Livingston and Anna Brown, “Intermarriage in the U.S. 50 Years After Loving v. Virginia,” Pew Research Center, 2017, https://tinyurl.com/y6n6ukso.
149
Wong, Horn, and Chen, “Perceived Masculinity.” Ñì. òàêæå Liu and Wong, “The Intersection of Race and Gender”; Cheng, McDermott, Wong, et al., “Drive for Muscularity in Asian American Men”; Wong, Owen, Tran, et al., “Asian American Male College Students’ Perceptions of People’s Stereotypes About Asian American Men.”
150
Chen, “Hooked on Race.” Ñì. òàêæå Shankar Vedantam, “Hookup Culture: The Unspoken Rules of Sex on College Campuses,” Hidden Brain, National Public Radio, September 25, 2017, https://tinyurl.com/y2nzz2c6.
151
Ñì. McKee, “Does Size Matter?”
152
Àêò îá èñêëþ÷åíèè êèòàéöåâ (àíãë. Chinese Exclusion Act) — îñîáûé çàêîí êîíãðåññà ÑØÀ, èçäàííûé 6 ìàÿ 1882 ãîäà â îòâåò íà ìàññîâóþ èììèãðàöèþ êèòàéöåâ íà çàïàä ñòðàíû. Çàêîí çàïðåòèë ëþáóþ êèòàéñêóþ èììèãðàöèþ, à òàêæå íàòóðàëèçàöèþ óæå ïðîæèâàþùèõ â ÑØÀ êèòàéöåâ (õîòÿ ðîäèâøèåñÿ â ÑØÀ äåòè êèòàéöåâ óæå ñ÷èòàëèñü ãðàæäàíàìè ñîãëàñíî êîíñòèòóöèîííîé ïîïðàâêå 1868 ãîäà). Èçíà÷àëüíî äåéñòâèå çàêîíà äîëæíî áûëî ðàñïðîñòðàíèòüñÿ íà 10 ëåò, îäíàêî îí äåéñòâîâàë äî 1943 ãîäà. Ïðèì. ðåä.
153
Õî (àíãë. ho) â ïåðåâîäå çíà÷èò «ïðîñòèòóòêà». Ïðèì. ïåð.
154
Emily Yoffe, “The Question of Race in Campus Sexual-Assault Cases,” The Atlantic, September 11, 2017, https://tinyurl.com/y9scsam2.
155
Ñàìûé âûñîêèé óðîâåíü ñåêñóàëüíûõ äîìîãàòåëüñòâ è íàñèëèÿ áûë îòìå÷åí â îòíîøåíèè ÷åðíîêîæèõ è áèñåêñóàëüíûõ æåíùèí. UC San Diego Center on Gender Equity and Health, Stop Street Harassment, “Measuring #MeToo: A National Study on Sexual Harassment and Assault,” San Diego: UC San Diego Center on Gender Equity and Health, 2019.
156
Feminista Jones, “Why Black Women Are Jumping to Bill Cosby’s Defense — and Why They Should Stop,” Time, January 9, 2015, https://tinyurl.com/y2s94mpn.
157
Salamishah Tillet and Scheherazade Tillet, “After the ‘Surviving R. Kelly’ Documentary, #MeToo Has Finally Returned to Black Girls,” New York Times, January 10, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/ycqtfk8j.
158
Ìíåíèå î òîì, ÷òî àôðîàìåðèêàíöû îáîæàþò àðáóçû è ïîñòîÿííî èõ åäÿò, ñ÷èòàåòñÿ ðàñèñòñêèì ñòåðåîòèïîì. Àðáóçû êàê áàõ÷åâàÿ êóëüòóðà íåïðèõîòëèâû è óñòîé÷èâû ê çàñóõå. Ýòî ïîðîäèëî àññîöèàöèè, ÷òî ôåðìåðû, çàíèìàþùèåñÿ âûðàùèâàíèåì àðáóçîâ, ëåíèâû. Êðîìå òîãî, àðáóçû áûëè îäíîé èç ïåðâûõ ñåëüõîçêóëüòóð, êîòîðûå ðàçðåøèëè âûðàùèâàòü è ïðîäàâàòü òåìíîêîæèì ïîñëå îòìåíû ðàáñòâà. Ïðèì. ïåð.
159
Von Robertson and Chaney, “‘I Know it [Racism] Still Exists Here’”; Adrienne Green, “The Cost of Balancing Academia and Racism,” The Atlantic, January 21, 2016, https://tinyurl.com/y7jrwvfw; Joan Brasher, “Black College Students Face Hidden Mental Health Crisis,” Research News @Vanderbilt, December 30, 2015, https://tinyurl.com/y8bpcm4f; Yasso, Smith, Ceja, et al., “Critical Race Theory, Racial Microaggressions, and Campus Racial Climate for Latina/o Undergraduates”; American Psychological Association, Presidential Task Force on Educational Disparities, “Ethnic and Racial Disparities in Education: Psychology’s Contributions to Understanding and Reducing Disparities.”
160
Hammond, “Taking It Like a Man.”
161
Jake New, “Bad Apples or the Barrel?” Inside Higher Ed, April 15, 2015, https://tinyurl.com/y3bap7pw.
162
Ray, “Fraternity Life at Predominantly White Universities in the US”; Ray and Rosow, “The Two Different Worlds of Black and White Fraternity Men: Visibility and Accountability as Mechanisms of Privilege”; Ray and Rosow, “Getting Off and Getting Intimate.” Ñì. òàêæå Allison and Risman, “‘It Goes Hand in Hand with the Parties.’”
163
Zaloom, Sex, Teens, and Everything in Between; Charis Denison calls this “the Platinum rule.” Charis Denison, author interview, June 26, 2019.
164
Zaloom, Sex, Teens, and Everything in Between.
165
Cantor, Fisher, Chibnall, et al., Report on the AAU Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Assault and Sexual Misconduct.
166
Bedera, “Moaning and Eye Contact”; Nicole Bedera, author interview, September 29, 2017.
167
Scully and Marolla, “Convicted Rapists’ Vocabulary of Motive.”
168
Hansen, O’Byrne, and Rapley, “Young Heterosexual Men’s Use of the Miscommunication Model in Explaining Acquaintance Rape.”
169
Bedera, “Moaning and Eye Contact”; Nicole Bedera, author interview, September 29, 2017.
170
Brooks, Lang-Ree, Yuan, et al., “Campus Sexual Assault.” Ñì. òàêæå Becker and Tinkler, “‘Me Getting Plastered and Her Provoking My Eyes’”; Jacques-Tiura, Abbey, Parkhill, et al., “Why Do Some Men Misperceive Women’s Sexual Intentions More Frequently than Others Do?”; Roni Jacobson, “Targeting Drunk Women Accounts for Sexual Aggression, Not ‘Blurred Lines,’” Scientific American, March 7, 2104, https://tinyurl.com/y2cdpr8z; Peralta, “College Alcohol Use and the Embodiment of Hegemonic Masculinity Among European American Men.”
171
Maya Salam, “Women, Alcohol and Perceived ‘Sexual Availability,’” New York Times, May 14, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y4n2kbpk.
172
Heather Murphy, “New Scrutiny for Men Who Rape,” New York Times, October 31, 2017, D1. Ñì. òàêæå Edwards, Bradshaw, and Hinsz, “Denying Rape but Endorsing Forceful Intercourse.”
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Pascoe and Hollander, “Good Guys Don’t Rape.”
174
Ïîäðîáíåå î òîì, êàê òî÷êè çðåíèÿ íà ãåíäåð ìîãóò äîïîëíÿòü è ïîääåðæèâàòü äðóã äðóãà, ñì. Tolman, Davis, and Bowman, “‘That’s Just How It Is’.” Zaloom calls it “the gender paradigm”: Zaloom, Sex, Teens, and Everything in Between.
175
Weissbourd with Anderson, Cashin, et al., “The Talk.” Ñì. òàêæå Lisa Damour, “Talking with Both Daughters and Sons About Sex,” New York Times, January 11, 2017, https://tinyurl.com/yyoaxtju; Rothman, Miller, Terpeluk, et al., “The Proportion of U.S.Parents Who Talk with Their Adolescent Children About Dating Abuse.”
176
Jim Hopper, “Freezing During Sexual Assault and Harassment,” Psychology Today, April 3, 2018, https://tinyurl.com/y4zl8rob.
177
Reidy, Early, and Holland, “Boys Are Victims Too?”; Shaffer, Adjei, Viljoen, et al., “Ten-Year Trends in Physical Dating Violence Victimization Among Adolescent Boys and Girls in British Columbia, Canada.”
178
Kashmira Gander, “90 Percent of Teens Killed by Their Partners Are Girls — and Most of the Killers Are Men,” Newsweek, April 15, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y454429t.
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Conor Friedersdorf, “The Understudied Female Sexual Predator,” The Atlantic, November 28, 2016, https://goo.gl/4KYTsM. Ñì. òàêæå Stemple, Flores, and Meyer, “Sexual Victimization Perpetrated by Women”; French, Tilghman, and Malebranche, “Sexual Coercion Context and Psychosocial Correlates Among Diverse Males”; Fisher and Pina, “An Overview of the Literature on Female-Perpetrated Adult Male Sexual Victimization”; Turchik, “Sexual Victimization Among Male College Students”; Kaestle, “Sexual Insistence and Disliked Sexual Activities in Young Adulthood”; Stemple, “Male Rape and Human Rights.”
180
Mellins, Walsh, Sarvet, et al., “Sexual Assault Incidents among College Undergraduates.”
181
John Foubert, “‘Rapebait’ E-mail Reveals Dark Side of Frat Culture,” CNN, October 9, 2013, https://tinyurl.com/yxz7jecj.
182
Ford, “Describing Unwanted Sex with Women”; Ford, “‘Going with the Flow’”; Ford and Soto-Marquez, “Sexual Assault Victimization Among Straight, Gay/Lesbian, and Bisexual College Students.”
183
Muehlenhard and Shippee, “Men’s and Women’s Reports of Pretending Orgasm.” Ñì. òàêæå Roberts, Kippax, and Waldby, “Faking It.”
184
Ford, “‘Going with the Flow’.”
185
Laurie Roberts, “Boy Allegedly Molested by Goodyear Teacher Brittany Zamora Is … Lucky?” AZCentral, March 26, 2018, https://tinyurl.com/y6r7kj3v; Stewart Perrie, “Why Is There a Double Standard When Female Teachers Have Sex with Students?” Lad Bible, March 6, 2018, https://tinyurl.com/y4727wl8; Hollie McKay, “Female Teachers Having Sex with Students: Double Standards, Lack of Awareness,” Fox News, June 30, 2017, https://tinyurl.com/y55uhj67.
186
Marlow Stern, “‘The Daily Show’ Digs Up Creepy Clip of Trump Defending a Statutory Rape,” The Daily Beast, September 29, 2016, https://tinyurl.com/y5uesyap.
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188
Emily Kassie, “Male Victims of Campus Sexual Assault Speak Out ‘We’re Up Against a System That’s Not Designed to Help Us,’” Huffington Post, January 27, 2105, https://tinyurl.com/yxkc6c8v.
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190
Cantor, Fisher, Chibnall, et al., Report on the AAU Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Assault and Sexual Misconduct. Ñì. òàêæå Carey, Durney, Shepardson, et al., “Incapacitated and Forcible Rape of College Women.”
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Anemona Hartocollis and Christina Capecchi, “Mothers ‘Willing to Do Everything,’ Mothers Defend Sons Accused of Sexual Assault,” New York Times, October 24, 2017, A12.
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Anemona Hartocollis and Christina Capecchi, “Mothers ‘Willing to Do Everything,’ Mothers Defend Sons Accused of Sexual Assault,” New York Times, October 24, 2017, A12.
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Ïîäðîáíåå î ëó÷øèõ ïðàêòèêàõ ðåñòèòóöèîííîãî ïðàâîñóäèÿ ñì. Karp, The Little Book of Restorative Justice for Colleges and Universities; Bargen, Edwards, Hartman, et al., Serving Crime Victims Through Restorative Justice; Kaplan, “Restorative Justice and Campus Sexual Misconduct.”
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Karp and Sacks, “Student Conduct, Restorative Justice, and Student Development.”
195
Herman, “Justice from the Victim’s Perspective.”
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Ñì., íàïðèìåð, Yung, “Concealing Campus Sexual Assault.”
197
Christina Capatides, “A Cup Full of Spit, a Chewed Up Piece of Gum. These Are the Metaphors Used to Teach Kids About Sex,” CBS News, April 29, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y5cg744y.
198
«Äðÿííûå äåâ÷îíêè» (àíãë. Mean Girls) — àìåðèêàíñêàÿ êîìåäèÿ 2004 ãîäà, ñíÿòàÿ ðåæèññåðîì Ìàðêîì Óîòåðñîì, ñ Ëèíäñè Ëîõàí â ãëàâíîé ðîëè. Ïðèì. ðåä.
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Christina Capatides, “A Cup Full of Spit, a Chewed Up Piece of Gum. These Are the Metaphors Used to Teach Kids About Sex,” CBS News, April 29, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y5cg744y. Ñì. òàêæå US House of Representatives, The Content of Federally Funded Abstinence-Only Education Programs; Santelli, Kantor, Grilo, et al., “Abstinence-Only-Until-Marriage.”
200
Jessica Boyer, “New Name, Same Harm,” Guttmacher Policy Review, February 28, 2018, https://tinyurl.com/y5evxj3h; Andrea Zelinski, “Rewrite of Texas Sex Education Standards Could Include Lessons on Contraception, Gender Identity,” Houston Chronicle, June 13, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y4nekl8f; Advocates for Youth, “Sexual Education: Research and Results,” Fact Sheet, Washington, DC: Advocates for Youth, 2009, https://tinyurl.com/y5uf7g97.
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Santelli, Grilo, Choo, et al., “Does Sex Education Before College Protect Students from Sexual Assault in College?”; Tina Rosenberg, “Equipping Women to Stop Campus Rape,” New York Times, May 30, 2018, https://tinyurl.com/y4brgua7.
202
Planned Parenthood, “What’s the State of Sex Education in the U.S.?” https://tinyurl.com/yblzzxpa; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “16 Critical Sexual Education Topics,” https://tinyurl.com/y2jve6kd.
203
Laura Fay, “Just 24 States Mandate Sex Education for K-12 Students, and Only 9 Require any Discussion of Consent. See How California Compares,” LA School Report, April 1, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/yxvhey73. Ñ ìîìåíòà ïóáëèêàöèè ýòîé ñòàòüè â ãîñóäàðñòâåííûõ øêîëàõ Êîëîðàäî â ïðîöåññå ñåêñóàëüíîãî ïðîñâåùåíèÿ îáÿçàòåëüíûì ñòàëî îáñóæäåíèå òåìû ñîãëàñèÿ.
204
Widman, Evans, and Javidi, “Assessment of Parent-Based Interventions for Adolescent Sexual Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
205
Holman and Koenig Kellas, “‘Say Something Instead of Nothing’”; Weissbourd with Anderson, Cashin, et al., “The Talk”; Roni Caryn Rabin, “Why Parents Should Have the ‘Sex Talk’ with Their Children,” New York Times, November 4, 2015, https://tinyurl.com/y3e2pomf; Alexandra Ossola, “Kids Really Do Want to Have ‘The Talk’ with Parents,” Popular Science, March 5, 2015, https://tinyurl.com/yx8pyham.
206
Shafia Zaloom, Sex, Teens, and Everything in Between.
207
Weissbourd with Anderson, Cashin, et al., “The Talk”; Rick Weissbourd, “Teens’ Romantic Relationships,” Making Caring Common Project, October 2018, https://tinyurl.com/yyllgkdt; Ossola, “Kids Really Do Want to Have ‘The Talk’ with Parents.”
208
Andrew Smiler, “Why Do Boys Date and Have Sex?” Andrewsmiler.com, January 23, 2015, https://tinyurl.com/y4wo7vad.
209
Amy Schalet, “The New ABCD’s of Talking About Sex with Teenagers,” HuffPost, November 2, 2011, https://tinyurl.com/y5sdodh5; Orenstein, Girls & Sex.
210
Smiler, Challenging Casanova.
211
Jody Aked and Sam Thompson, “Five Ways to Well-being: New Applications, New Ways of Thinking,” New Economics Foundation, July 5, 2011, https://tinyurl.com/y2rrc89g.
212
Levant, Allen, and Lien, “Alexithymia in Men”; Karakis and Levant, “Is Normative Male Alexithymia Associated with Relationship Satisfaction, Fear of Intimacy and Communication Quality Among Men in Relationships?” Ñì. òàêæå “How to Encourage Healthy Emotional Development in Boys,” https://tinyurl.com/yyzg9r6c.
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Gruber and Borelli, “The Importance of Fostering Emotional Diversity in Boys.”
214
Cherney and Dempsey, “Young Children’s Classification, Stereotyping and Play Behaviour for Gender Neutral and Ambiguous Toys.”
215
Editors of GQ, “What 1,147 Men Think About #MeToo: A Glamour x GQ Survey,” GQ, May 30, 2018, https://tinyurl.com/y64r3db9.
216
Katie J. M. Baker, “Here’s the Powerful Letter the Stanford Victim Read to Her Attacker,” BuzzFeed News, June 3, 2016, https://tinyurl.com/yd5xdase.
217
Kelsey Clayman, Brooke Dickens, Alika Keene, et al., “Stronger Together,” Harvard Crimson, October 29, 2016, https://tinyurl.com/y4cn842k.
218
Dan Harmon, “Don’t Let Him Wipe or Flush,” Harmontown. Èçâèíåíèÿ íà÷èíàþòñÿ ïîñëå 19-é ìèíóòû. Ñì. òàêæå Nancy Updike, “Finally,” This American Life, National Public Radio, May 10, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/y5jjla96.
219
Jill Bauer and Ronna Gradus, Hot Girls Wanted, Netflix, 2015.
220
Schalet, Not Under My Roof.
221
Schalet, Not Under My Roof. Ñì. òàêæå Orenstein, Girls & Sex; Saskia de Melker, “The Case for Starting Sex Education in Kindergarten,” PBS News Hour, May 27, 2015, https://tinyurl.com/ycjsfx5o.
222
Brugman, Caron, and Rademakers, “Emerging Adolescent Sexuality”; Schalet, Not Under My Roof.
223
Brugman, Caron, and Rademakers, “Emerging Adolescent Sexuality.”
224
Bill Albert, With One Voice 2012: America’s Adults and Teens Sound Off About Teen Pregnancy, Washington, DC: The National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy, 2012, https://tinyurl.com/y4bnjvyg.
225
Sanday, “Rape-Prone Versus Rape-Free Campus Cultures.”
226
Äâà îñíîâíûõ èñòî÷íèêà: Caitlin Flanagan, “The Dark Power of Fraternities,” The Atlantic, March 2014, https://tinyurl.com/yatzxnhe; Armstrong and Sweeney, “Sexual Assault on Campus.”
227
John Foubert, “‘Rapebait’ E-mail Reveals Dark Side of Frat Culture,” CNN, October 9, 2013, https://tinyurl.com/yxz7jecj. Ñì. òàêæå Seabrook, Ward, and Giaccardi, “Why Is Fraternity Membership Associated with Sexual Assault?”; Martinez, Wiersma-Mosley, Jozkowski, et al., “‘Good Guys Don’t Rape’”; Seabrook and Ward, “Bros Will Be Bros”; Mellins, Walsh, Sarvet, et al., “Sexual Assault Incidents Among College Undergraduates.”
228
Seabrook, Ward, and Giaccardi, “Why Is Fraternity Membership Associated with Sexual Assault?”; Seabrook and Ward, “Bros Will Be Bros?”
229
Paula Lavigne, “OTL: College Athletes Three Times More Likely to Be Named in Title IX Sexual Misconduct Complaints”; Lisa Wade, “Rape on Campus: Athletes, Status, and the Sexual Assault Crisis,” The Conversation, March 6, 2017, https://tinyurl.com/y469652p.
230
Jake New, “Sexual Coercion Among Athletes,” Inside Higher Ed, June 3, 2016, https://tinyurl.com/hcffen3.
231
Ñì. Sanday, “Rape-Prone Versus Rape-Free Campus Cultures.”
232
Lisa Wade, “Rape on Campus”; Jake New, “The ‘Black Hole’ of College Sports,” Inside Higher Ed, February 9, 2017, https://tinyurl.com/y2mklqp5; Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, “Colleges Need to Stop Protecting Sexual Predators,” January 31, 2015, Time, https://tinyurl.com/y59m3sj3; “College Athletic Departments’ Role in Investigating Sexual Assaults,” Athletic Business, April 2015, https://tinyurl.com/y2nv367h. Ñì. òàêæå Nancy Armour, “Opinion: NCAA Continues to Drop the Ball by Accepting Athletes Punished for Sexual Assault,” USAToday, April 4, 2019, https://tinyurl.com/yyljkt5q; Bernard Lefkowitz, Our Guys, New York: Vintage, 1998.
233
Miller, Tancredi, McCauley, et al., “‘Coaching Boys into Men’.” Ñì. òàêæå Futures Without Violence, “Coaching Boys into Men,” https://tinyurl.com/y4nsrpzc.
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